{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T09:49:22Z","timestamp":1791884962624,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n Endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery (ECIRS) is technically demanding and has a prolonged learning curve. Reports describing ECIRS training using fresh\u2010frozen cadavers are limited, partly because intrarenal and pyelovenous backflow may prevent adequate hydronephrosis. This study aimed to establish an optimized ECIRS training model using fresh\u2010frozen cadavers.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n ECIRS cadaver surgical training (ECIRS\u2010CST) was conducted between April 2021 and October 2022 and evaluated across two periods. In the first period, standard ECIRS\u2010CST was performed. In the second period, laparoscopic nephrectomy training with renal vein clipping was performed before ECIRS\u2010CST to suppress pyelovenous backflow. Achievement of each ECIRS step and overall procedural completion were recorded. Participants assessed procedural realism and educational value using a custom\u2010designed 5\u2010point Likert\u2010scale questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Nine sessions were conducted in the first period and four in the second. During the first period, ultrasound\u2010guided nephrostomy puncture frequently failed because adequate hydronephrosis could not be established, and only three sessions progressed through all ECIRS steps. In the second period, renal vein clipping enabled more consistent hydronephrosis, resulting in successful nephrostomy puncture and completion of all steps in three of four sessions. Questionnaire responses indicated that tactile feedback during puncture, ultrasonographic visualization, and endoscopic findings were comparable to those in live patients. Many participants reported difficulty in achieving sufficient hydronephrosis during the first period.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Fresh\u2010frozen cadavers provide a realistic environment for ECIRS training; however, pyelovenous backflow limits the creation of adequate hydronephrosis. Renal vein clipping effectively addresses this limitation and provides a more reliable training model for procedural training.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.70671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T09:38:06Z","timestamp":1791884286000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of an Improved Cadaveric Training Model for Endoscopic Combined Intrarenal Surgery Using Fresh\u2010Frozen Cadavers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1693-8442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keito","family":"Shiozaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima 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School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Yoshioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Chubu Tokushukai Hospital Okinawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6204-0866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyotaro","family":"Fukuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Tokushima Prefectural Central Hospital Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8027-2716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuichiro","family":"Atagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Tokushima Prefectural Central Hospital Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saki","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryoei","family":"Minato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2518-0197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryotaro","family":"Tomida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshito","family":"Kusuhara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima 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A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Journal of Urology"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Urology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/iju.70671","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/iju.70671","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/iju.70671","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T09:38:10Z","timestamp":1791884290000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/iju.70671"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/iju.70671"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/iju.70671","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0919-8172","1442-2042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0919-8172","type":"print"},{"value":"1442-2042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70671"}}