{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T14:03:54Z","timestamp":1790431434279,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,9]],"date-time":"2014-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1389225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Insect Molecular Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Human head and body lice are obligatory hematophagous ectoparasites that belong to a single species,\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ediculus humanus\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    . Only body lice, however, are vectors of the infectious\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ram\u2010negative bacterium\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      artonella quintana\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    . Because of their near identical genomes, yet differential vector competence, head and body lice provide a unique model system to study the gain or loss of vector competence. Using our\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    louse\u2010rearing system, we infected head and body lice with blood containing\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . quintana\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    in order to detect both differences in the proliferation of\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . quintana\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    and transcriptional differences of immune\u2010related genes in the lice.\n                    <jats:italic>B. quintana<\/jats:italic>\n                    proliferated rapidly in body lice at 6 days post\u2010infection, but plateaued in head lice at 4 days post\u2010infection.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    seq and quantitative real\u2010time\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    validation analyses determined gene expression differences. Eight immunoresponse genes were observed to be significantly different with many associated with the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    oll pathway:\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ibrinogen\u2010like protein,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    paetzle,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    efensin 1,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    erpin,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    cavenger receptor\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    polipoporhrin 2. Our findings support the hypothesis that body lice, unlike head lice, fight infection from\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . quintana\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    only at the later stages of its proliferation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imb.12077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,9]],"date-time":"2014-01-09T23:55:20Z","timestamp":1389311720000},"page":"244-254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Differential gene expression in laboratory strains of human head and body lice when challenged with\n                    <i>\n                      <scp>B<\/scp>\n                      artonella quintana\n                    <\/i>\n                    , a pathogenic bacterium"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Previte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Sciences University of Massachusetts  Amherst MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. 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N.","family":"Paige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Biology University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. H.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Agr Biotech Seoul National University  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Sciences University of Massachusetts  Amherst MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. E.","family":"Koehler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine University of California at San Francisco  San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. 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