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We report the structure of the two\u2010domain\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Che<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\u2009punctorium\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    toxins (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CpTx<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ), along with the corresponding\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cDNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and genomic\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    sequences. At least three groups of insecticidal\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CpTx<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    were identified, each consisting of several members. Unlike many cone snail and snake toxins, accelerated evolution is not typical of\n                    <jats:italic>cptx<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes, which instead appear to be under the pressure of purifying selection. Both\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CpTx<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    modules present the inhibitor cystine knot (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICK<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ), or knottin signature; however, the sequence similarity between the domains is low. Conversely, notable similarity was found between separate domains of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CpTx<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and one\u2010domain toxins from spiders of the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ycosidae family. The observed chimerism is a landmark of exon shuffling events, but in contrast to many families of multidomain protein genes no introns were found in the\n                    <jats:italic>cptx<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes. Considering the possible scenarios, we suggest that an early transcription\u2010mediated fusion event between two related one\u2010domain toxin genes led to the emergence of a primordial\n                    <jats:italic>cptx<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010like sequence. We conclude that evolution of toxin variability in spiders appears to be quite different from other venomous animals.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imb.12097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,10]],"date-time":"2014-04-10T00:42:44Z","timestamp":1397090564000},"page":"527-538","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Structure of the yellow sac spider\n                    <i>\n                      <scp>C<\/scp>\n                      heiracanthium punctorium\n                    <\/i>\n                    genes provides clues to evolution of insecticidal two\u2010domain knottin toxins"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"M. Y.","family":"Sachkova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. 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