{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T06:39:19Z","timestamp":1772260759052,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,5]],"date-time":"2019-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008091","name":"University of Rochester","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008091","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1GM098667"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1GM098667"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Insect Molecular Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Venom of the parasitoid wasp\n                    <jats:italic>Nasonia vitripennis<\/jats:italic>\n                    changes the metabolism and gene expression in its fly host\n                    <jats:italic>Sarcophaga bullata<\/jats:italic>\n                    to induce developmental arrest, suppression of the immune response and various other venom effects. Yet, the venom of ectoparasitoid wasps has not been fully characterized. A major component of\n                    <jats:italic>N.\u00a0vitripennis<\/jats:italic>\n                    venom is an uncharacterized, high\u2010expressing protein referred to as Venom Y. Here we describe the evolutionary history and possible functions of this venom protein. We found that Venom Y is a relatively young gene that has duplicated to form two distinct paralogue groups. A copy of Venom Y has been recruited as a venom protein in at least five wasp species. Functional analysis found that Venom Y affects detoxification and immunity genes in envenomated fly hosts. Many of these genes are fat\u2010body specific, suggesting that Venom Y may have a targeted effect on fat body tissue. We also show that Venom Y may mitigate negative effects of other venom proteins. Finally, protein sequencing indicates that Venom Y is post\u2010translationally modified. This study contributes to elucidating parasitoid venom by using RNA interference knockdown to investigate venom protein function in the context of the whole venom cocktail.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imb.12565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,12]],"date-time":"2019-01-12T07:53:27Z","timestamp":1547279607000},"page":"499-508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Evaluating the evolution and function of the dynamic Venom Y protein in ectoparasitoid wasps"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"E. O.","family":"Martinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department University of Rochester Rochester NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. 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