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Due to their life cycles, ticks face significant challenges related to water homeostasis. When blood\u2010feeding, they must excrete water and ions, but when off\u2010host (for stretches lasting several months), they must conserve water to avoid desiccation. Aquaporins (AQPs), a family of membrane\u2010bound water channels, are key players in osmoregulation in many animals but remain poorly characterized in ticks. Here, we bioinformatically identified AQP\u2010like genes from the deer tick\n                    <jats:italic>Ixodes scapularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and used phylogenetic approaches to map the evolution of the aquaporin gene family in arthropods. Most arachnid AQP\u2010like sequences (including those of\n                    <jats:italic>I.\u00a0scapularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) formed a monophyletic group clustered within aquaglycerolporins (GLPs) from bacteria to vertebrates. This gene family is absent from insects, revealing divergent evolutionary paths for AQPs in different hematophagous arthropods. Next, we sequenced the full\u2010length cDNA of\n                    <jats:italic>I.\u00a0scapularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    aquaporin 1 (\n                    <jats:italic>IsAQP1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and expressed it heterologously in\n                    <jats:italic>Xenopus<\/jats:italic>\n                    oocytes to functionally characterize its permeability to water and solutes. Additionally, we examined\n                    <jats:italic>IsAQP1<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression across different life stages and adult female organs. We found\n                    <jats:italic>IsAQP1<\/jats:italic>\n                    is an efficient water channel with high expression in salivary glands prior to feeding, suggesting it plays a role in osmoregulation before or during blood feeding. Its functional properties are unique: unlike most GLPs,\n                    <jats:italic>IsAQP1<\/jats:italic>\n                    has low glycerol permeability, and unlike most AQPs, it is insensitive to mercury. Together, our results suggest\n                    <jats:italic>IsAQP1<\/jats:italic>\n                    plays an important role in tick water balance physiology and that it may hold promise as a target of novel vector control efforts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imb.12833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,21]],"date-time":"2023-01-21T09:58:31Z","timestamp":1674295111000},"page":"329-339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Function and evolution of the aquaporin\n                    <scp>IsAQP1<\/scp>\n                    in the Lyme disease vector\n                    <i>Ixodes scapularis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2761-290X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Tsujimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences Pennsylvania State University  University Park Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Entomology Texas A&amp;M University  College Station Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8246-3513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hillery C.","family":"Metz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences Pennsylvania State University  University Park Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexis A.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joyce M.","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences Pennsylvania State University  University Park Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7504-4628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Utpal","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4050-8429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason L.","family":"Rasgon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences Pennsylvania State University  University Park Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2013.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2008.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msac021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0507225103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2012.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2010.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002517"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-014-0836-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2019.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182004006468"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/ME12123"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147966"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-008-0288-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2012.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12339"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.124.19.3881"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015578"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep07795"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.63.1.327"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0113686"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8814"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20130377"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5491.481"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2019.04.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msp259"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-014-0475-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10507"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2009.12.4310"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585(2008)45[68:aapfto]2.0.co;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04442-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-1226-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03819-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)36674-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.58.2.537"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2018.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/ME12034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btm091"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi9711442"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1102629108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.20017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35036519"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.36.010191.003303"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2199-10-112"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.811628"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.051276"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.016758"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.256.5055.385"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)54108-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp381"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/345163a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2009.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.14949"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/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