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This brain diphenism develops during the pharate\u2010adult stage and is driven by a caste\u2010specific gene expression cascade in response to unique hormonal milieus. Previous molecular screening identified\n                    <jats:italic>minibrain<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>mnb<\/jats:italic>\n                    ;\n                    <jats:italic>DYRK1A<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) as a potential regulator in this process. Here, we used RNAi approach to reduce\n                    <jats:italic>mnb<\/jats:italic>\n                    transcript levels and test its role on brain diphenism development in honeybees. White\u2010eyed unpigmented cuticle worker pupae were injected with dsRNA for\n                    <jats:italic>mnb<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Mnb\u2010i) or\n                    <jats:italic>gfp<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and their phenotypes were assessed two and 8\u2009days later using classic histological and transcriptomic analyses. After 2\u2009days of the injections, Mnb\u2010i bees showed 98% of downregulation of\n                    <jats:italic>mnb<\/jats:italic>\n                    transcripts. After 8\u2009days, the brain of Mnb\u2010i bees showed reduction in total volume and in the volume of the mushroom bodies (MB), antennal, and optic lobes. Additionally, signs of apoptosis were observed in the Kenyon cells region of the MB, and the cohesion of the brain tissues was affected. Our transcriptomic analyses revealed that 226 genes were affected by the knockdown of\n                    <jats:italic>mnb<\/jats:italic>\n                    transcripts, most of which allowing axonal fasciculation. These results suggest the evolutionary conserved\n                    <jats:italic>mnb<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene has been co\u2010opted for promoting hormone\u2010mediated developmental brain morphological plasticity generating caste diphenism in honeybees.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imb.12955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]],"date-time":"2024-08-21T20:50:56Z","timestamp":1724273456000},"page":"122-135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<i>Minibrain<\/i>\n                    plays a role in the adult brain development of honeybee (\n                    <i>Apis mellifera<\/i>\n                    ) workers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7185-6477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana Ramos","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, UNIFAL\u2010MG  Alfenas Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4176-6446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izabella Cristina","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o Centro de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas e da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Carlos, UFScar  S\u00e3o Carlos S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3884-6808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Talita Sarah","family":"Mazzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, UNIFAL\u2010MG  Alfenas Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7619-4395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela Helena","family":"de Barrios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, UNIFAL\u2010MG  Alfenas Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3162-4890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fl\u00e1via Cristina de Paula","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o Centro de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas e da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Carlos, UFScar  S\u00e3o Carlos S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8417-2763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angel Roberto","family":"Barchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, UNIFAL\u2010MG  Alfenas Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/10.18.1915"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6750-3-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu638"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"Andrews S.(2010)FastQC: a quality control tool for high throughput sequence data. 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