{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T11:52:26Z","timestamp":1762084346219,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32072416"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32072416"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Insect Molecular Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n The GATA transcription factor gene,\n pannier<\/jats:italic>\n (\n pnr<\/jats:italic>\n ), has been extensively studied in\n Drosophila<\/jats:italic>\n , revealing its crucial role in dorsal closure, heart development and the regulation of cuticular bristle patterns in adults. However, studies on the functions of\n pnr<\/jats:italic>\n in the development of coleopteran insects are still scarce. Herein, we identified the\n pnr<\/jats:italic>\n gene in\n Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata<\/jats:italic>\n and discovered two splicing variants named\n Hvpnr\u2010\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Hvpnr\u2010\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n respectively. Temporal expression analysis revealed that\n Hvpnr<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Hvpnr\u2010\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Hvpnr\u2010\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n were expressed at various stages including egg, larval, pupal and adult stages. To investigate the developmental role of\n Hvpnr<\/jats:italic>\n in\n H. vigintioctopunctata<\/jats:italic>\n , RNA interference (RNAi) assays were conducted on third\u2010instar larvae. Injection of ds\n Hvpnr<\/jats:italic>\n , ds\n Hvpnr\u2010\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n and ds\n Hvpnr\u2010\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n and co\u2010injection of ds\n Hvpnr\u2010\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n and ds\n Hvpnr\u2010\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n (dsRNAs mix) all resulted in significant downregulation of the target transcripts. In pupae developed from ds\n Hvpnr<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010treated larvae, the symmetric black spots on both sides of the mesothorax, metathorax and tergites approached and connected. Pupal morphometric analysis revealed that ds\n Hvpnr<\/jats:italic>\n , ds\n Hvpnr\u2010\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n and dsRNAs mix injections significantly narrowed the spacing of dorsal symmetric spots, contracted spiracle distances on tergite sides, diminished pronotum width and markedly reduced inter\u2010compound eye spacing compared to controls. In addition, injections of ds\n Hvpnr<\/jats:italic>\n and dsRNAs mix significantly reduced the oviposition in female adults. Silencing of\n Hvpnr<\/jats:italic>\n led to the disappearance of the scutellum in adults, preventing the elytra from closing and properly attaching to the dorsal side of the abdomen. It is noteworthy that ds\n Hvpnr\u2010\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n or dsRNA mix induced scutellum formation defects in adults, while knockdown of\n Hvpnr\u2010\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n had no impact. Furthermore, in stark contrast to previous studies on ladybird species such as\n Harmonia axyridis<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Coccinella septempunctata<\/jats:italic>\n , silencing\n Hvpnr<\/jats:italic>\n did not affect melanin synthesis in pupae and adults in\n H. vigintioctopunctata<\/jats:italic>\n . These findings demonstrate that among the splice variants of\n Hvpnr<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Hvpnr\u2010\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n plays a dominant regulatory role in the post\u2010embryonic morphogenesis of\n H. vigintioctopunctata<\/jats:italic>\n . This study also shows that\n Hvpnr<\/jats:italic>\n is not involved in melanin synthesis, indicating significant functional differentiation of\n pnr<\/jats:italic>\n during the evolution of ladybirds.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imb.12977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T07:59:38Z","timestamp":1732607978000},"page":"381-393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dissecting roles of\n pannier<\/i>\n splice variants during pupal and adult morphogenesis in\n Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Ping","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vegetable Research Institute, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing 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