{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T05:32:07Z","timestamp":1788067927258,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Insect Molecular Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Sperm delivers genetic information from the male to the ovum, playing vital roles in sexual reproduction. Like other Lepidoptera,\n Bombyx mori<\/jats:italic>\n exhibits dimorphic spermatogenesis, generating coexisting nucleated eupyrene sperm and anucleated apyrene sperm. The mechanism of dimorphic spermatogenesis is still to be clarified. In a previous study, we demonstrated that\n Gametocyte\u2010specific factor1<\/jats:italic>\n (\n Gtsf1<\/jats:italic>\n ) is essential for female sex determination and PIWI\u2010interacting RNA (piRNA) mediated transposon silencing in\n B. mori<\/jats:italic>\n . Here, we performed functional analysis of the\n Gtsf1<\/jats:italic>\n paralog\n BmGtsf1L<\/jats:italic>\n using a binary transgenic CRISPR\/Cas9 system.\n BmGtsf1L<\/jats:italic>\n is dispensable for sex determination but critical for fertility in both males and females. We separated different types of sperm and found that\n BmGtsf1L<\/jats:italic>\n is highly expressed in both types of sperm.\n BmGtsf1L<\/jats:italic>\n deficiency (\n \u25b3BmGtsf1L<\/jats:italic>\n ) impaired the formation and migration of eupyrene sperm, whereas the development and movement of apyrene sperm were normal. Furthermore, through a sperm culture experiment, we confirmed that eupyrene spermatogenesis defects appeared before the elongation stage. Double copulations of a female with\n \u25b3BmGtsf1L<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Sex\u2010lethal<\/jats:italic>\n mutant males can rescue infertility phenotypes, revealing that the apyrene sperm of\n BmGtsf1L<\/jats:italic>\n mutants is functional. We also found that the depletion of\n BmGtsf1L<\/jats:italic>\n impacted proper oogenesis. This study provided the first functional analysis of\n Gtsf1<\/jats:italic>\n paralogs on physiology, demonstrating the critical role of\n BmGtsf1L<\/jats:italic>\n in the development of eupyrene sperm and the ovary.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imb.12988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T00:55:14Z","timestamp":1741827314000},"page":"619-631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Depletion of\n \n Gtsf1L<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n impairs development of eupyrene sperm and ovary in\n \n Bombyx mori<\/i>\n <\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2199-297X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang 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