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The miRNA\u2010mediated influence on self\u2010grooming behaviour has been recently demonstrated in\n                    <jats:italic>Apis mellifera<\/jats:italic>\n                    but remains largely unexplored in\n                    <jats:italic>Apis cerana<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This study combined behavioural analysis, miRNA sequencing and molecular biology techniques to investigate these mechanisms. We first identified two distinct behavioural phenotypes in\n                    <jats:italic>A. cerana<\/jats:italic>\n                    : strong groomers (CS) and weak groomers (CW). miRNA sequencing of bee brains revealed 12 differentially expressed miRNAs between CS and CW groups. Notably, miR\u2010281\u2010x, previously associated with grooming in\n                    <jats:italic>A. mellifera<\/jats:italic>\n                    , was significantly upregulated in CW bees, suggesting a conserved role. Subsequent qPCR and functional experiments confirmed that miR\u2010281\u2010x overexpression suppressed grooming behaviour and reduced brain octopamine (OA) levels in\n                    <jats:italic>A. cerana<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Furthermore, through a dual\u2010luciferase assay, qPCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we identified tyrosine decarboxylase (\n                    <jats:italic>tdc\u20101<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), a key enzyme in OA synthesis, as a direct target of miR\u2010281\u2010x. Finally, RNAi\u2010mediated knockdown of\n                    <jats:italic>tdc\u20101<\/jats:italic>\n                    significantly reduced both brain OA levels and grooming behaviour, mirroring the effects of miR\u2010281\u2010x overexpression. Our findings identify a conserved miR\u2010281\u2010x\/\n                    <jats:italic>tdc\u20101<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/OA axis that is associated with grooming behaviour in\n                    <jats:italic>A. cerana<\/jats:italic>\n                    , providing new insights into the molecular basis of this essential innate behaviour.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imb.70065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T11:14:58Z","timestamp":1790594098000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A conserved\n                    <scp>miR<\/scp>\n                    \u2010281\u2010x is associated with self\u2010grooming behaviour in\n                    <i>Apis cerana<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3499-0207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"L\u00fc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University College of Bee Science  Fuzhou China"},{"name":"Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Mudanjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiali","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University College of Bee Science  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenyao","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University College of Bee Science  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaoguo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beidahuang Kenfeng Seed Industry Co., Ltd.  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Mudanjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning Provincial Saline\u2010Alkali Land Utilization and Research Institute  Panjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7159-4200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiguo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University College of Bee Science  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3779-3505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Songkun","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University College 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