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Limited understanding of the immune response to <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis,<\/jats:italic> the causative agent of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>, has hindered development of improved vaccines. Although memory <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 T cells are considered the main mediators of protection against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>, recent studies suggest there are other key subsets that contribute to antimycobacterial immunity. To that end, innate cells may be involved in the protective response. In this study, we investigated the primary response of innate lymphoid cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILC<\/jats:styled-content>s) to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCG<\/jats:styled-content> exposure. Using a murine model, we showed that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILC<\/jats:styled-content>s increased in number in the lungs and lymph nodes in response to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCG<\/jats:styled-content> vaccination. Additionally, there was significant production of the antimycobacterial cytokine <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3 by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILC<\/jats:styled-content>s. As <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILC<\/jats:styled-content>s are located at mucosal sites, it was investigated whether mucosal vaccination (intranasal) stimulated an enhanced response compared to the traditional vaccination approach (intradermal or subcutaneous). Indeed, in response to intranasal vaccination, the number of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILC<\/jats:styled-content>s, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3 production in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> cells and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILC<\/jats:styled-content>1s in the lungs and lymph nodes, were higher than that provoked through intradermal or subcutaneous vaccination. This work provides the first evidence that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCG<\/jats:styled-content> vaccination activates <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILC<\/jats:styled-content>s, paving the way for future research to elucidate the protective potential of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILC<\/jats:styled-content>s against mycobacterial infection. Additionally, the finding that lung <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILC<\/jats:styled-content>s respond rigorously to mucosal vaccination may have implications for the delivery of novel <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.12007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,10]],"date-time":"2018-01-10T13:13:35Z","timestamp":1515590015000},"page":"379-389","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["BCG vaccination drives accumulation and effector function of innate lymphoid cells in murine lungs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Pia","family":"Steigler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi J","family":"Daniels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim R","family":"McCulloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"},{"name":"The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brin M","family":"Ryder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah K","family":"Sandford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna R","family":"Kirman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"WHO.Global Tuberculosis Report 2015. 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