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Transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2) is an essential factor for the periphery conversion of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>25<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> T cells into <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Tregs by inducing the key transcription factor Foxp3. Antigen presenting cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APC<\/jats:styled-content>s), which highly express <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2, are involved in parasite antigen\u2010induced Treg conversion in peripheral. However, the mechanisms underlying high <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2 induction in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APC<\/jats:styled-content>s by parasite antigens remain to be clarified during schistosome infection. Here, we demonstrated that <jats:italic>Schistosoma japonicum<\/jats:italic> stress protein, heat shock protein 60 (Sj<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSP<\/jats:styled-content>60), promoted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2 production in macrophages (M\u03c6). Furthermore, we showed that activation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>4\u2010Mal (MyD88 adaptor\u2010like protein) signaling by Sj<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSP<\/jats:styled-content>60 is necessary for induction of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2 expression in M\u03c6, which subsequently promoted Treg induction. Our results not only demonstrate a novel mechanism of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2 production in M\u03c6 for inducing Tregs in mice with schistosomiasis, but also allude to the possibility of targeting parasite stress protein for potential therapeutics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.12160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,26]],"date-time":"2018-04-26T15:25:07Z","timestamp":1524756307000},"page":"958-968","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Sj<scp>HSP<\/scp>60 induces <scp>CD<\/scp>4<sup>+<\/sup><scp>CD<\/scp>25<sup>+<\/sup>Foxp3<sup>+<\/sup> Tregs via <scp>TLR<\/scp>4\u2010Mal\u2010drived production of <scp>TGF<\/scp>\u2010\u03b2 in macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Sha","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine Department of Pathogen 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