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Another related species <jats:italic>Chlamydia pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, a human respiratory pathogen, has been associated with exacerbation of atherosclerotic pathology. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPAF<\/jats:styled-content> is highly conserved among <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> spp. leading us to hypothesize that immunization with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rCPAF<\/jats:styled-content> with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201012 will protect against high\u2010fat diet (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HFD<\/jats:styled-content>) and <jats:italic>C.\u00a0pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\u2010induced acceleration of atherosclerosis. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rCPAF<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201012 immunization induced robust splenic antigen (Ag)\u2010specific <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 production and significantly elevated serum total anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPAF<\/jats:styled-content> Ab, IgG2c, and IgG1 antibody levels compared to mock or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201012 alone groups. The addition of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201012 to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rCPAF<\/jats:styled-content> significantly elevated splenic Ag\u2010specific <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3 production and IgG2c\/IgG1 anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPAF<\/jats:styled-content> antibody ratio. Following intranasal <jats:italic>C.\u00a0pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> challenge and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HFD<\/jats:styled-content> feeding, rCPAF\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0IL\u201012\u2010immunized mice displayed significantly enhanced splenic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3, not <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1, response on days 6 and 9 after challenge, and significantly reduced lung chlamydial burden on day 9 post\u2010challenge compared to mock\u2010 or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201012\u2010immunized mice. Importantly, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rCPAF<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201012\u2010immunized mice displayed significantly reduced atherosclerotic pathology in the aortas after <jats:italic>C.\u00a0pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> challenge. Serum cholesterol levels were comparable between the groups suggesting that the observed differences in pathology were due to protective immunity against the infection. Together, these results confirm and extend our previous observations that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPAF<\/jats:styled-content> is a promising candidate antigen for a multisubunit vaccine regimen to protect against <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>\u2010induced pathologies, including atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.12192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]],"date-time":"2018-07-27T12:14:34Z","timestamp":1532693674000},"page":"85-91","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Intranasal immunization with recombinant chlamydial protease\u2010like activity factor attenuates atherosclerotic pathology following <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae<\/i> infection in mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Weidang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Midwestern University Glendale CA 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