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The survival of chemoresistant cells is thought to depend on leukemia\u2010bone marrow (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BM<\/jats:styled-content>) microenvironment interactions, which are not well understood. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>12\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CXCR<\/jats:styled-content>4 axis has been proposed to support <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AML<\/jats:styled-content> growth but was not studied at the single <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AML<\/jats:styled-content> cell level. We recently showed that T\u2010cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALL<\/jats:styled-content>) cells are highly motile in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BM<\/jats:styled-content>; however, the characteristics of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AML<\/jats:styled-content> cell migration within the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BM<\/jats:styled-content> remain undefined. Here, we characterize the <jats:italic>in\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic> migratory behavior of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AML<\/jats:styled-content> cells and their response to chemotherapy and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CXCR<\/jats:styled-content>4 antagonism, using high\u2010resolution 2\u2010photon and confocal intravital microscopy of mouse calvarium <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BM<\/jats:styled-content> and the well\u2010established <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MLL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content>9\u2010driven <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AML<\/jats:styled-content> mouse model. We used the Notch1\u2010driven T\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALL<\/jats:styled-content> model as a benchmark comparison and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMD<\/jats:styled-content>3100 for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CXCR<\/jats:styled-content>4 antagonism experiments. We show that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AML<\/jats:styled-content> cells are migratory, and in contrast with T\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALL<\/jats:styled-content>, chemoresistant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AML<\/jats:styled-content> cells become less motile. Moreover, and in contrast with T\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALL<\/jats:styled-content>, the <jats:italic>in\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic> exploratory behavior of expanding and chemoresistant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AML<\/jats:styled-content> cells is unaffected by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMD<\/jats:styled-content>3100. These results expand our understanding of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AML<\/jats:styled-content> cells\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BM<\/jats:styled-content> microenvironment interactions, highlighting unique traits of leukemia of different lineages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.12216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,13]],"date-time":"2018-11-13T14:40:57Z","timestamp":1542120057000},"page":"229-235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Defining the <i>in\u00a0vivo<\/i> characteristics of acute myeloid leukemia cells behavior by intravital imaging"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3476-0211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delfim","family":"Duarte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences Sir Alexander Fleming Building Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ 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