{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:00:17Z","timestamp":1792670417131,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,8]],"date-time":"2019-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009455","name":"West Virginia University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009455","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunol Cell Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Microbial infections early in life remain a major cause of infant mortality worldwide. This is consistent with immune deficiencies in this population. Interleukin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>)\u201027 is suppressive toward a variety of immune cell types, and we have shown that the production of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201027 is elevated in humans and mice early in life. We hypothesize that elevated levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201027 oppose protective responses to infection during the neonatal period. In this study, we extended previous findings in neonatal mice to identify a population of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201027 producers that express Gr\u20101 and were further identified as myeloid\u2010derived suppressor cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDSC<\/jats:styled-content>s) based on the expression of surface markers and functional studies. In neonates, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDSC<\/jats:styled-content>s are more abundant and contribute to the elevated pool of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201027 in this population. Although the ability of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDSC<\/jats:styled-content>s to regulate T lymphocyte activation has been well\u2010studied, sparingly few studies have investigated the influence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDSC<\/jats:styled-content>s on innate immune function during bacterial infection. We demonstrate that macrophages are impaired in their ability to control growth of <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> when cocultured with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDSC<\/jats:styled-content>s. This bacterium is a significant concern for neonates as a common cause of bacterial sepsis and meningitis. The suppressive effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDSC<\/jats:styled-content>s on macrophage function is mediated by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201027; inclusion of a reagent to neutralize <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201027 promotes improved control of bacterial growth. Taken together, these results suggest that the increased abundance of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDSC<\/jats:styled-content>s may contribute to early life susceptibility to infection and further highlight production of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201027 as a novel <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDSC<\/jats:styled-content> mechanism to suppress immunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.12224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,21]],"date-time":"2018-12-21T18:52:31Z","timestamp":1545418351000},"page":"445-456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Murine myeloid\u2010derived suppressor cells are a source of elevated levels of interleukin\u201027 in early life and compromise control of bacterial infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Madeline","family":"Gleave 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