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The innate immune responses to viral infection in the human ovary are poorly understood. The present study demonstrated that human ovarian granulosa cells had innate immune activity in response to viral RNA challenge through Toll\u2010like receptor 3 (TLR3) activation. TLR3 was constitutively expressed in the human ovary and predominantly located in granulosa cells of developmental follicles at all stages. Polyinosinic\u2010polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)], a synthetic viral double\u2010stranded RNA analog, induced innate immune responses in human ovarian granulosa cells and affected endocrine function. Poly (I:C) significantly upregulated proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1), interleukin (IL)\u20106, IL\u20101\u03b2 and type I interferon (IFN\u2010\u03b1\/\u03b2), and the innate immune responses were significantly reduced by blocking TLR3 signaling. Furthermore, poly (I:C) induced antiviral genes expression, including 2\u2032\u20105\u2032\u2010oligoadenylate synthetase, Mx GTPase 1, IFN\u2010stimulating gene 15 and double\u2010stranded RNA\u2010activated protein kinase R. In contrast, the expression of P450 aromatase and inhibin was dramatically inhibited by poly (I:C). Both silencing of TLR3 and neutralizing TNF\u2010\u03b1 reversed the inhibitory effect of poly (I:C) on P450 aromatase and inhibin expression. Our study demonstrates that granulosa cells play a potential role in innate immune protection against viral infection in the normal human ovary, and the innate immune response perturbs cell endocrine function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.12269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,21]],"date-time":"2019-05-21T00:58:31Z","timestamp":1558400311000},"page":"753-765","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Polyinosinic\u2010polycytidylic acid induces innate immune responses via Toll\u2010like receptor 3 in human ovarian granulosa cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Keqin","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology China\u2010Japan Friendship Hospital Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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