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Although there has been recent progress in the clinical testing of candidates, no new vaccine has been licensed for use and correlates of protective immunity in humans have not been defined. Prior <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> infection does not appear to confer long\u2010term protective immunity in humans; thus mimicking the natural immune response to infection may not be a suitable approach to develop improved <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> vaccines. Data from animal testing are used to progress vaccines through the \u201cvaccine pipeline\u201d, but studies in animals have not been able to predict efficacy in humans. Furthermore, although the generation of conventional <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell responses are considered necessary to control infection with <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0<jats:italic>tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>, these do not necessarily correlate with protection induced by candidate vaccines and other immune components may play a role, including donor unrestricted T cells, tissue\u2010resident memory T cells and anti\u2010<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0<jats:italic>tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> antibodies. This review will summarize the current understanding of the protective immune responses following <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0<jats:italic>tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> infection or vaccination, with a particular focus on vaccines that have recently entered clinical trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.12275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,25]],"date-time":"2019-05-25T15:19:05Z","timestamp":1558797545000},"page":"656-663","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The generation of T\u2010cell memory to protect against tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Claudio","family":"Counoupas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Camperdown NSW Australia"},{"name":"Tuberculosis Research Program Centenary Institute Sydney NSW 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