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However, the collaborative role between NK cells and M\u03d5 remains underappreciated, especially in hematological cancers, such as chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). We observed a higher ratio of innate immune cells (M\u03d5 and NK) to adaptive immune cells (T and B cells) in CML bone marrow aspirates, prompting us to investigate the roles of NK and M\u03d5 in CML. Using coculture models simulating the tumor inflammatory environment, we observed that M\u03d5 protects CML from NK attack only when CML was itself mycoplasma\u2010infected and under chronic infection\u2013inflammation condition. We found that the M\u03d5\u2010protective effect on CML was associated with the maintenance of CD16 level on the NK cell membrane. Although the NK membrane CD16 (mCD16) was actively shed in M\u03d5\u00a0+\u00a0NK\u00a0+\u00a0CML trioculture, the NK mCD16 level was maintained, and this was independent of the modulation of sheddase by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 or inhibitory cytokine transforming growth factor beta. Instead, we found that this process of NK mCD16 maintenance was conferred by M\u03d5 in a contact\u2010dependent manner. We propose a new perspective on anti\u2010CML strategy through abrogating M\u03d5\u2010mediated retention of NK surface CD16.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.12309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,14]],"date-time":"2019-12-14T17:05:13Z","timestamp":1576343113000},"page":"138-151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Macrophages protect mycoplasma\u2010infected chronic myeloid leukemia cells from natural killer cell killing"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0367-285X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qing Wei Winnie","family":"Choo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6988-281X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricky 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