{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T23:08:32Z","timestamp":1789081712927,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]],"date-time":"2020-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1183085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1183085"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1154540"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1154540"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunol Cell Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    are parasitic protists that cause a spectrum of diseases in humans characterized by the formation of granulomatous lesions in the skin or other tissues, such as liver and spleen. The extent to which\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    granulomas constrain or promote parasite growth is critically dependent on the host T\u2010helper type 1\/T\u2010helper type 2 immune response and the localized functional polarization of infected and noninfected macrophages toward a classically (M1) or alternatively (M2) activated phenotype. Recent studies have shown that metabolic reprograming of M1 and M2 macrophages underpins the capacity of these cells to act as permissive or nonpermissive host reservoirs, respectively. In this review, we highlight the metabolic requirements of\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    amastigotes and the evidence that these parasites induce and\/or exploit metabolic reprogramming of macrophage metabolism. We also focus on recent studies highlighting the role of key macrophage metabolic signaling pathways, such as mechanistic target of rapamycin, adenosine monophosphate\u2010activated protein kinase and peroxisome proliferator receptor gamma in regulating the pathological progression of\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    granulomas. These studies highlight the intimate connectivity between\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    and host cell metabolism, the need to investigate these interactions\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the potential to exploit host cell metabolic signaling pathways in developing new host\u2010directed therapies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.12394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]],"date-time":"2020-08-11T22:40:14Z","timestamp":1597185614000},"page":"832-844","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Immunometabolism of\n                    <i>Leishmania<\/i>\n                    granulomas"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3247-8522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleanor C","family":"Saunders","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7107-7887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malcolm J","family":"McConville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 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