{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T16:12:39Z","timestamp":1774368759534,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,18]],"date-time":"2021-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunol Cell Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Different lymphocyte subsets are involved in autoimmune pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Previous studies suggested a role of CD5\u2010expressing T and B cells including rare unconventional lymphocytes with combined T\u2010 and B\u2010cell features [dual expressing (DE) cells]. We performed algorithm\u2010supported multiparameter flow cytometry and quantitative PCR to investigate immune cell subsets and DE cells in children with T1D (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200920) and matched controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200920). Comparisons of conventional immune cells detected increased proportions of CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells in T1D patients, whereas CD19<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B\u2010cell proportions were comparable to controls. Self\u2010organizing maps for flow cytometry analyses (FlowSOM) showed highly similar CD5\u2010expressing B\u2010cell subsets and no differences for DE cells were detected between the study groups by flow cytometry or specific quantitative PCR. Notably, differences in CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells were indicated by FlowSOM and similarity\u2010based t\u2010distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (tSNE) analyses. Study group comparisons confirmed significantly reduced CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell proportions with moderate or low CD5 expression in T1D patients. Finally, <jats:italic>in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic> experiments showed stable CD5 expression differences of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells after T\u2010cell activation, cytokine stimulation and culture. We observed differences of T\u2010cell coreceptor CD5 expression in T1D patients with potential relevance for immune regulation of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell activation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.12488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]],"date-time":"2021-06-16T18:33:23Z","timestamp":1623868403000},"page":"1077-1084","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["CD5\u2010expressing CD8<sup>+<\/sup> T\u2010cell subsets differ between children with type 1 diabetes and controls"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Josefine","family":"Wadenpohl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology University Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Faculty and University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf Heinrich\u2010Heine\u2010University D\u00fcsseldorf Duesseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Seyfarth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology University Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Faculty and University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf Heinrich\u2010Heine\u2010University D\u00fcsseldorf Duesseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Hehenkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology University Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Faculty and University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf Heinrich\u2010Heine\u2010University D\u00fcsseldorf Duesseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology University Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Faculty and University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf Heinrich\u2010Heine\u2010University D\u00fcsseldorf Duesseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Kummer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology University Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Faculty and University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf Heinrich\u2010Heine\u2010University D\u00fcsseldorf Duesseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Reinauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology University Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Faculty and University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf Heinrich\u2010Heine\u2010University D\u00fcsseldorf Duesseldorf 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