{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T20:08:50Z","timestamp":1785528530474,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81771722"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81771722"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunol Cell Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Schistosomiasis is a widespread helminth disease that poses a heavy social and economic burden on people worldwide. Advanced schistosomiasis often develops into schistosome\u2010associated liver fibrosis, the pathogenesis of which remains unclear. This study aimed preliminarily to profile immune cells of schistosome\u2010associated liver fibrosis using single\u2010cell RNA sequencing. Three patient groups were enrolled, including an <jats:italic>Schistosomiasis japonicum<\/jats:italic> (SJ) group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01), a chronic liver failure (CLF) group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03) and a healthy control (HC) group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02), revealing 17 cell clusters out of 20\u00a0093 cells. From these limited datasets, it was observed that T cell(1), mononuclear phagocytes\u20101 and dendritic cells (DCs) were higher in the SJ group. CAVIN2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> MP(2) was the predominant cell type in the MP subset of the SJ group (53%), and was higher than that in both the CLF (8%) and HC (1%) groups. Kupffer cell marker genes (<jats:italic>CD163<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>MARCO<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>TIMD4<\/jats:italic>) were enriched in caveolae\u2010associated protein 2 (<jats:italic>CAVIN2<\/jats:italic>)<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> MP(2), which was also an important source of <jats:italic>TGFB1<\/jats:italic>. The KEGG pathways of <jats:italic>CAVIN2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> MP(2) indicated that they were associated with lysosome, endocytosis, phagosome and antigen processing and presentation. The preliminary study showed that granzyme B (<jats:italic>GZMB<\/jats:italic>)<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell(1) and ankyrin repeat domain\u2010containing protein 36B<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell(3) were the most common T cells in the SJ group (50% and 32%, respectively). The KEGG pathways of <jats:italic>GZMB<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell(1) were mainly related to natural killer cell\u2010mediated cytotoxicity. The percentage of ring1 and YY1 binding protein (<jats:italic>RYBP<\/jats:italic>)<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> DC(1) was higher in the SJ group (57%) than in the CLF (16%) and HC (6%) groups. The KEGG pathway of <jats:italic>RYBP<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> DC(1) was related to Fc gamma R\u2010mediated phagocytosis and antigen processing and presentation. Overall, <jats:italic>CAVIN2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Kupffer cells were the main source of <jats:italic>TGFB1<\/jats:italic>, consisting primarily of mononuclear phagocytes in the livers of the SJ group subjects and potentially playing an irreplaceable role in hepatic fibrosis of schistosomiasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.12490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T10:32:01Z","timestamp":1628245921000},"page":"803-813","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A preliminary investigation into the immune cell landscape of schistosome\u2010associated liver fibrosis in humans"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation Center The Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan 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