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This process relies on thymic antigen\u2010presenting cells which express both self\u2010antigens and cosignaling molecules. Inducible T\u2010cell costimulator (ICOS) belongs to the CD28 family of cosignaling molecules and binds to ICOS ligand (ICOSL). The ICOS signaling pathway plays important roles in shaping the immune response to infections, but its role in central tolerance is less well understood. Here we show that ICOSL is expressed by subsets of thymic dendritic cells and medullary thymic epithelial cells as well as thymic B cells. ICOS expression is upregulated as T cells mature in the thymus and correlates with T\u2010cell receptor signal strength during thymic selection. We also provide evidence of a role for ICOS signaling in mediating negative selection. Our findings suggest that ICOS may fine\u2010tune T\u2010cell receptor signals during thymic selection contributing to the generation of a tolerant T\u2010cell population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.12520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]],"date-time":"2021-12-28T15:40:42Z","timestamp":1640706042000},"page":"205-217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The ICOS\u2013ICOSL pathway tunes thymic selection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Mengqi","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al Montr\u00e9al QC Canada"},{"name":"Immunology\u2010Oncology Unit Maisonneuve\u2010Rosemont Hospital Research Center Montr\u00e9al QC 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