{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T11:00:03Z","timestamp":1782730803594,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7202079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7202079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunol Cell Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The diurnal timing system regulates multiple functions of lymphocytes in peripheral lymphoid organs. Whether T\u2010cell development in the thymus and T\u2010cell egress from the thymus are affected by the circadian clock is not clear. Herein, we used flow cytometry to examine the cell number and percentage of total thymocytes and various thymocyte subsets from <jats:italic>Zeitgeber time<\/jats:italic> (ZT) 1 to ZT21. CD4 and CD8 single\u2010positive (SP) thymocytes, in particular, the mature CD4 SP4 thymocyte subset with emigration capability and P\u2010phycoerythrin<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD4 SP thymocytes in the perivascular space of the thymus, exhibited robust circadian oscillations. The diurnal expression of sphingosine\u20101\u2010phosphate receptor\u20101 (S1PR1) and CCR2 on SP thymocytes and the rhythmic sphingosine\u20101\u2010phosphate (S1P) and CCL2 gradient formed between peripheral blood and thymus likely promoted SP thymocyte egress in a circadian pattern. Switching the daylight cycle disturbed the rhythm of S1PR1 and CCR2 expression and subsequent thymocyte output. We further demonstrated that the core clock molecule BMAL1 had rhythmic binding of the promoters of <jats:italic>Klf2, S1pr1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Sphk2<\/jats:italic>. Together, we elucidated the circadian dynamic characteristics of mature thymocyte egress, which coordinated with the diurnal changes in T\u2010cell homing to the lymph nodes. The core rhythmic molecule BMAL1 likely promoted thymocyte emigration through transcriptional regulation of emigration\u2010related molecules.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.12582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,28]],"date-time":"2022-08-28T14:49:48Z","timestamp":1661698188000},"page":"731-741","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The circadian clock sets a spatial\u2013temporal window for recent thymic emigrants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Mili","family":"Minaduola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University) Peking\u2009University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abudureyimujiang","family":"Aili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology and Radiation Sickness Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhui","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University) Peking\u2009University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology Peking\u2009University Cancer Hospital &amp; Institute  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University) Peking\u2009University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University) Peking\u2009University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.1MR1217-496R"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02284"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04882"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1689"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01263"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-081519-083952"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1243884"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.04.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.4.2256"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.04.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1188222"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025567"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20160287"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3386"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.534651"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1106750109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1240636"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700721"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.280.6.H2533"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-06-358614"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2015.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/embor.2012.37"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-016-0961-2"}],"container-title":["Immunology &amp; 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