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However, because the central nervous system was long considered an immune\u2010privileged organ, its immune\u2013stem cell axis was not deeply investigated until recently. Research has shown that oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), a highly abundant population of adult brain stem cells, establish bidirectional interactions with the immune system. Here, we provide an overview of the interactions that OPCs have with tissue\u2010resident and recruited immune cells, paying particular attention to the role they play in myelin regeneration and neuroinflammation. We highlight the described role of OPCs as key active players in neuroinflammation, overriding the previous concept that OPCs are mere recipients of immune signals. Understanding the mechanisms behind this bidirectional interaction holds great potential for the development of novel therapeutic approaches limiting neuroinflammation and promoting myelin repair. A better understanding of the central nervous system's immune\u2013stem cell axis will also be key for tackling two important features shared across neurodegenerative diseases, neuroinflammation and myelin loss.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.12610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T19:49:23Z","timestamp":1669405763000},"page":"25-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Immune\u2013stem cell crosstalk in the central nervous system: how oligodendrocyte progenitor cells interact with immune cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"101","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1199-7761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Cabeza\u2010Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria y Biom\u00e9dica de Alicante (ISABIAL)  Alicante Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Neurosciencias 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