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As a key component to an effective immune response, vaccine\u2010specific T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are localized in the draining lymph node (LN) and assist in the selection of highly specific B\u2010cell clones for the production of neutralizing antibodies. While these cells have been noted in the blood as circulating Tfh (cTfh) cells, they are not often taken into consideration when examining effective CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell responses, particularly in immunocompromised groups. Furthermore, site\u2010specific analyses in locations such as the LN have recently become an attractive area of investigation. This is mainly a result of improved sampling methods <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> ultrasound\u2010guided fine\u2010needle biopsy (FNB)\/fine\u2010needle aspiration (FNA), which are less invasive than LN excision and able to be performed longitudinally. While these studies have been undertaken in healthy individuals, data from immunocompromised groups are lacking. This review will focus on both Tfh and cTfh responses after SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 vaccination in healthy and immunocompromised individuals. This area of investigation could identify key characteristics of a successful LN response required for the prevention of infection and viral clearance. This furthermore may highlight responses that could be fine\u2010tuned to improve vaccine efficacy within immunocompromised groups that are at a risk of more severe disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.12635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T08:05:30Z","timestamp":1677225930000},"page":"504-513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["T follicular helper cell responses to <scp>SARS\u2010CoV<\/scp>\u20102 vaccination among healthy and immunocompromised adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"101","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4980-7193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mollie Ailie Acheson","family":"Boyd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program The Kirby Institute  UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Carey Hoppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program The Kirby Institute  UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony D","family":"Kelleher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program The Kirby Institute  UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia"},{"name":"St Vincent's Hospital  Sydney NSW 2010 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C Mee Ling","family":"Munier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program The Kirby Institute  UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-6143.2002.20315.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)00003-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-068632","article-title":"Efficacy of covid\u201019 vaccines in immunocompromised patients: systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"376","author":"Lee A","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12084"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-021-01880-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12390"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.858399"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-041015-055605"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.1129"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-021-00290-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302503"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02169"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202963"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20120994"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12778"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2011.03487.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2018.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02469"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI125628"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3005191"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-014-2208-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2020.100157"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1600143"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01272"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","unstructured":"HopkinsJ.COVID\u201019 Dashboard. 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