{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T13:55:36Z","timestamp":1776779736247,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001505","name":"Health Research Council of New Zealand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22\/001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22\/001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001505","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunol Cell Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased permeability of the intestinal epithelial layer is linked to the pathogenesis and perpetuation of a wide range of intestinal and extra\u2010intestinal diseases. Infecting humans with controlled doses of helminths, such as human hookworm (termed hookworm therapy), is proposed as a treatment for many of the same diseases. Helminths induce immunoregulatory changes in their host which could decrease epithelial permeability, which is highlighted as a potential mechanism through which helminths treat disease. Despite this, the influence of a chronic helminth infection on epithelial permeability remains unclear. This study uses the chronically infecting intestinal helminth <jats:italic>Heligmosomoides polygyrus<\/jats:italic> to reveal alterations in the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins and epithelial permeability during the infection course. In the acute infection phase (1 week postinfection), an increase in intestinal epithelial permeability is observed. Consistent with this finding, jejunal claudin\u20102 is upregulated and tricellulin is downregulated. By contrast, in the chronic infection phase (6\u2009weeks postinfection), colonic claudin\u20101 is upregulated and epithelial permeability decreases. Importantly, this study also investigates changes in epithelial permeability in a small human cohort experimentally challenged with the human hookworm, <jats:italic>Necator americanus<\/jats:italic>. It demonstrates a trend toward small intestinal permeability increasing in the acute infection phase (8\u2009weeks postinfection), and colonic and whole gut permeability decreasing in the chronic infection phase (24\u2009weeks postinfection), suggesting a conserved epithelial response between humans and mice. In summary, our findings demonstrate dynamic changes in epithelial permeability during a chronic helminth infection and provide another plausible mechanism by which chronic helminth infections could be utilized to treat disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.12749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T23:18:55Z","timestamp":1713827935000},"page":"396-406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Modulation of intestinal epithelial permeability by chronic small intestinal helminth infections"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3943-9198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas C","family":"Mules","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaghan Institute of Medical Research  Wellington New Zealand"},{"name":"University of Otago  Wellington New 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