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Here we show that chronic, but not acute, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection promotes a unique population of immature B cells in the thymus. We show that chronic viral infection promotes signals within the thymus, including the expression of B\u2010cell activating factor (BAFF), that favor the maturation of this population as these cells acquire expression of CD19 and immunoglobulin M. Mechanistically, type I interferon (IFN\u2010I), predominantly IFN\u03b2, signals to thymic hematopoietic cells, strongly delaying T\u2010cell development at the earliest precursor stage. Furthermore, IFN\u2010I signaling to the nonhematopoietic compartment provides a second signal essential to favor B\u2010cell differentiation and maturation within the thymus. Importantly, chronic infection yields changes in the B\u2010cell population for at least 50\u2009days following infection, long after thymic atrophy has subsided. Thus, the inflammatory milieu induced by chronic viral infection has a profound, and long\u2010lasting, effect on thymic composition leading to the generation of a novel population of thymic B cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.12808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T23:04:24Z","timestamp":1721084664000},"page":"801-816","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Type I interferon induced during chronic viral infection favors B\u2010cell development in the thymus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Stefanie F","family":"Valbon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology McGill University  Montreal QC Canada"},{"name":"Rosalind &amp; Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre McGill University  Montreal QC Canada"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche de l'H\u00f4pital Maisonneuve\u2010Rosemont  Montr\u00e9al QC Canada"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease University of Montreal  Montreal QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie\u2010Eve","family":"Lebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche de l'H\u00f4pital Maisonneuve\u2010Rosemont  Montr\u00e9al QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H Alex","family":"Feldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Autoimmune Genomics &amp; 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