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Specifically, S1P<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> ligands inhibit cytokine storm and help preserve lung endothelial barrier integrity. We recently showed that the S1P receptor ligand ozanimod can be safely administered to hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) exhibiting severe symptoms of viral pneumonia, with potential clinical benefits. Here, we extend on this study and investigate the impact of ozanimod on key features of the immune response in patients with severe COVID\u201019. We quantified circulating cytokine levels, peripheral immune cell numbers, proportions and activation status; we also monitored the quality of the humoral response by assessing anti\u2013severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2011CoV\u20112) antibodies. Our findings reveal that patients receiving ozanimod during acute SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection exhibit significantly reduced numbers of circulating monocytes compared with those receiving standard care. Correspondingly, in the ozanimod\u2010treated group, circulating levels of C\u2013C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) were decreased. While treatment with ozanimod negatively impacted the humoral response to COVID\u201019 in unvaccinated patients, it did not impair the development of a robust anti\u2013SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 antibody response in vaccinated patients. These findings suggest that ozanimod influences key immune mechanisms during the acute phase of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.70006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T13:42:51Z","timestamp":1741700571000},"page":"433-443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploratory analyses of leukocyte responses in hospitalized patients treated with ozanimod following a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2011CoV\u20112) infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Olivier","family":"Courtemanche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec \u2010 Universit\u00e9 Laval  Qu\u00e9bec QC 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