{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T19:03:44Z","timestamp":1781204624755,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["318346496"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["318346496"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR\u201017\u2010CE15\u20100030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR\u201017\u2010CE15\u20100030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR\u201021\u2010CE15\u20100049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR\u201021\u2010CE15\u20100049"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR\u201022\u2010CE18\u20100045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR\u201022\u2010CE18\u20100045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010665","name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["955321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["955321"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunol Cell Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Regulation of cellular metabolism is a central element governing the fate and function of T\u00a0cells. However, the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> metabolic characteristics of rare cells, such as nonlymphoid tissue T\u00a0cells, are poorly understood because of experimental limitations. Most techniques measuring cell metabolism require large cell numbers. The recent SCENITH method allows for studying the metabolism of rare cells by flow cytometry. However, this technique requires cells to be isolated and cultured <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>, which may alter their metabolism. Here, we propose a new experimental approach, called <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> SCENITH, to investigate the cellular metabolism of T\u00a0cells <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> at a steady state in the spleen and lungs. For this purpose, we administered the metabolic modulators directly in mice, instead of applying these reagents <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>, as in the classical SCENITH method. Whereas <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> manipulation impacted the viability and phenotype of T\u00a0cells, this toxic effect was not observed in the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> SCENITH. We observed that conventional and regulatory T\u00a0cells shared similar metabolic profiles. Importantly, whereas spleen T\u00a0cells used both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, the metabolism of T\u00a0cells in the lungs was mainly based on oxidative phosphorylation. Finally, metabolic inhibitors that interfere with protein translation and energy availability downregulated Foxp3 expression in regulatory T\u00a0cells. These results describe an expansion of SCENITH that allows to measure the metabolic profile of rare cells <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>, revealing a high dependence on oxidative phosphorylation of lung T\u00a0cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.70018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T20:09:36Z","timestamp":1745438976000},"page":"600-614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A new method to measure cell metabolism of rare cells <i>in\u00a0vivo<\/i> reveals a high oxidative phosphorylation dependence of lung T cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Aristeidis","family":"Roubanis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI\u2010Paris), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgane","family":"Hilaire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI\u2010Paris), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgane","family":"Le Teuff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity) INSERM \u2013 CNRS \u2013 University Toulouse III  Toulouse France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Odile","family":"Devergne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI\u2010Paris), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Sparwasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI) University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciana","family":"Berod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI) University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9673-5578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beno\u00eet L","family":"Salomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI\u2010Paris), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9  Paris France"},{"name":"Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity) INSERM \u2013 CNRS \u2013 University Toulouse III  Toulouse France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20151159"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00529-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.06.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-101220-031513"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-021-00783-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2306763121"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20230449"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-023-04875-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05128-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-00848-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-021-00586-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-1027-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-0651-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20151448"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1600810"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104998"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-01001-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-12-97"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.69015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1840663"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1002333"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1715-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00637"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010618"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-49059-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.08.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00079"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2013.1505"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13299"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.05.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-021-00350-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111639"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI76012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3577"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.89160"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03326-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03231-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.01.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3269"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1800311"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12297"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04392-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0846-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1901480"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0589-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03235-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1720113115"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-03045-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21379"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2202144119"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.06.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201646477"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-012-8349-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47013-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1099356"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-04747-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abm8182"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153682"}],"container-title":["Immunology &amp; Cell Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/imcb.70018","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T11:28:35Z","timestamp":1756380515000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/imcb.70018"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/imcb.70018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imcb.70018","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0818-9641","1440-1711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0818-9641","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}