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Precursors of T<jats:sub>FH<\/jats:sub> cells migrate to the B\u2010cell follicles by upregulating CXCR5 and downregulating CCR7, a process that can be blocked by S1PR1 overexpression. T<jats:sub>FH<\/jats:sub> cells and their precursors also express the early activation antigen CD69, which is a negative regulator of S1PR1. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that CD69 expression by T<jats:sub>FH<\/jats:sub> cells is important for their differentiation and localisation after immunization. Genetic deletion of CD69 on T<jats:sub>FH<\/jats:sub> cells and a proportion of their precursors did not alter their formation, nor their ability to support high\u2010affinity B\u2010cell responses. This demonstrates that although CD69 is expressed highly on T<jats:sub>FH<\/jats:sub> cells, it is not necessary for their formation or their B\u2010cell helper functions in lymph nodes (LNs).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.70051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T05:23:41Z","timestamp":1754371421000},"page":"844-856","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Germinal center formation is resilient to CD69 deletion on T\u00a0follicular helper cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2007-4608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephane M","family":"Guillaume","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Program Babraham Institute  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6433-4592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena 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