{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T06:57:21Z","timestamp":1779173841006,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,9]],"date-time":"2013-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Internal Medicine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Depression and obstructive sleep apnoea are two common entities, with common symptoms that make identification of either condition difficult. Our aim was to examine, within a group of patients referred with snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea, (i) the prevalence of depression with the 14\u2010question <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>ospital <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>nxiety and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>epression <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>cale (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HADS<\/jats:styled-content>), (ii) the correlation between the two lead depression symptoms from the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ini\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>nternational <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>europsychiatric <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>nterview (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MINI<\/jats:styled-content>) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HADS<\/jats:styled-content>, and (iii) the relationship between depression symptoms with physiological markers of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An observational study of depression questionnaires in patients referred because of snoring to a sleep clinic within university\u2010affiliated public teaching hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ninety\u2010seven per cent of 240 patients approached responded, and 32% had a positive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HADS<\/jats:styled-content> (score &gt;16\/42). The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HADS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MINI<\/jats:styled-content> significantly correlated (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">r<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> = 0.736, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Fifty\u2010three per cent had either doctor\u2010diagnosed depression (28%) and\/or a positive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HADS<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MINI<\/jats:styled-content> (25%). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HADS<\/jats:styled-content> correlated with the degree of sleepiness (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">r<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> = 0.252, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001) and inversely with hypoxaemia (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">r<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>=\u20100.231, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0003) but not with the frequency of apnoeas and hypopnoeas (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">r<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> = 0.116, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Depending on classification, 32\u201353% of patients with snoring had depressive symptoms or were on treatment, which is significantly greater than the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralian average of 21%. A simplified depression questionnaire was validated. Severity of depression correlated with sleepiness and hypoxaemia but not with severity of sleep apnoea.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.12108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,6]],"date-time":"2013-03-06T07:26:55Z","timestamp":1362554815000},"page":"630-634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Prevalence of depression in patients referred with snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Douglas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy Immunology and Respiratory Medicine Alfred Hospital  Australia"},{"name":"Monash University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy Immunology and Respiratory Medicine Alfred Hospital  Australia"},{"name":"Monash University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Roebuck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy Immunology and Respiratory Medicine Alfred Hospital  Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy Immunology and Respiratory Medicine Alfred Hospital  Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. 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