{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T01:24:57Z","timestamp":1789349097240,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,12]],"date-time":"2014-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1399852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council Career Development Fellowship Award","award":["ID1023265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID1023265"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Internal Medicine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Spontaneous pneumothorax can be managed initially by observation, aspiration or chest drain insertion.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims<\/jats:title>\n \n To determine the clinical features of spontaneous pneumothorax in patients presenting to the emergency department (\n ED<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), interventions, outcomes and potential risk factors for poor outcomes after treatment.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Retrospective chart review from\n ED<\/jats:styled-content>\n of three major referral and two general hospitals in\n A<\/jats:styled-content>\n ustralia of presentations with primary spontaneous pneumothorax (\n PSP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) or secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (\n SSP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). Main outcomes were prolonged air leak (>5 days) and pneumothorax recurrence within 1 year.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n We identified 225 people with\n PSP<\/jats:styled-content>\n and 98 with\n SSP<\/jats:styled-content>\n . There were no clinical tension pneumothoraces with hypotension. Hypoxaemia (haemoglobin oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry \u226492%) occurred only in\n SSP<\/jats:styled-content>\n and in older patients (age >50 years) with\n PSP<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Drainage was performed in 150 (67%)\n PSP<\/jats:styled-content>\n and 82 (84%)\n SSP<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Prolonged air leak occurred in 16% (95% confidence interval 10\u201323%) of\n PSP<\/jats:styled-content>\n and 31% (21\u201342%) of\n SSP<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Independent risk factors for prolonged drainage were non\u2010asthma\n SSP<\/jats:styled-content>\n and pneumothorax size >50%. Complications were recorded in 11% (7.5\u201316%) of those having drains inserted. Recurrences occurred in 5\/91 (5%, 1.8\u201312%) of those treated without drainage versus 40\/232 (17%, 13\u201323%) of those treated by drainage, of which half occurred in the first month after drainage.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Pneumothorax drainage is associated with substantial morbidity including prolonged air leak. As\n PSP<\/jats:styled-content>\n appears to be well tolerated in younger people even with large pneumothoraces, conservative treatment in this subgroup may be a viable option to improve patient outcomes, but this needs to be confirmed in a clinical trial.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.12398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,25]],"date-time":"2014-02-25T02:52:41Z","timestamp":1393296761000},"page":"450-457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Spontaneous pneumothorax; a multicentre retrospective analysis of emergency treatment, complications and outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"S. G. A.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Research in Emergency Medicine Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Royal Perth Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Emergency Medicine University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. L.","family":"Ball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Royal Perth Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Fremantle Hospital Fremantle Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. P. 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