{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T12:46:01Z","timestamp":1776689161054,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]],"date-time":"2014-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Waikato District Health Board","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Internal Medicine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>To date no incidence figures for upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage (UGIH) in New Zealand have been published.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Aims<\/jats:title>To determine the incidence of UGIH<\/jats:styled-content> in a demographically defined population, and to assess variation in incidence associated with demographic parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Between 17 March 2001 and 12 October 2010, all patients presenting to W<\/jats:styled-content>aikato H<\/jats:styled-content>ospital with UGIH<\/jats:styled-content> were prospectively ascertained, and clinical, epidemiological and laboratory data were collected. Incidence rates were calculated, and were age adjusted to the World Health Organization world standard population. Parameters associated with trends in incidence were examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>There were 1360 UGIH<\/jats:styled-content> events, yielding a crude incidence of 59.2 per 100\u2009000 adults (age \u2265 15 years) per year (all quoted incidence figures per 100\u2009000 adults per year), and an age\u2010adjusted incidence (AAI<\/jats:styled-content>) of 46.4. AAI<\/jats:styled-content> was higher for M<\/jats:styled-content>aori compared with N<\/jats:styled-content>ew Z<\/jats:styled-content>ealand Europeans (91.3 vs 37.0, rate ratio (RR<\/jats:styled-content>) = 2.47, P<\/jats:italic> < 0.001). M<\/jats:styled-content>aori were more likely to have a gastric ulcer at endoscopy (odds ratio (OR<\/jats:styled-content>) = 2.21, P<\/jats:italic> < 0.001). For those tested for H<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>elicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> (n<\/jats:italic> = 702), M<\/jats:styled-content>aori were more likely to be infected (OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 2.12, P<\/jats:italic> < 0.001). AAI<\/jats:styled-content> was higher for males (61.1 vs 33.6, RR<\/jats:styled-content> = 1.82, P<\/jats:italic> < 0.001). Males were more likely to have a duodenal ulcer at endoscopy (OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 1.79, P<\/jats:italic> < 0.001). AAI<\/jats:styled-content> incidence decreased from the first to the second half of the study period (53.6 vs 45.8, RR<\/jats:styled-content> = 1.17, P<\/jats:italic> < 0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>AAI<\/jats:styled-content> of UGIH<\/jats:styled-content> in the W<\/jats:styled-content>aikato region was 46.4. This was significantly higher in M<\/jats:styled-content>aori and in males, and decreased over the study period. These data will provide a comparison for future assessment of trends in UGIH<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.12489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,3]],"date-time":"2014-06-03T13:52:39Z","timestamp":1401803559000},"page":"735-741","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Incidence of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage in M<\/scp>aori and N<\/scp>ew Z<\/scp>ealand E<\/scp>uropean ethnic groups, 2001\u20132010"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Irwin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Waikato Hospital Hamilton New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Weilert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Waikato Hospital Hamilton New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Waikato Hospital Hamilton New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.01865.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"568","article-title":"Analysis of 3294 cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in military medical facilities","volume":"90","author":"Yavorski RT","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07517.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.6999.222"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.06037.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7107.510"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e32834c3a02"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2012.763174"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"Statistics New Zealand.Home \u2013 statistics New Zealand: 2001 and 2006 census data [Internet]. 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