{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T04:58:03Z","timestamp":1783400283639,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,4]],"date-time":"2014-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Internal Medicine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Acute rheumatic fever (ARF<\/jats:styled-content>) and its sequelae, rheumatic heart disease (RHD<\/jats:styled-content>) are now uncommon in the general A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralian population. However, these preventable and treatable diseases continue to affect A<\/jats:styled-content>boriginal A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralians disproportionately, especially in remote communities. In the K<\/jats:styled-content>imberley region of W<\/jats:styled-content>estern A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralia (WA<\/jats:styled-content>), the prevalence of RHD<\/jats:styled-content> is approximately 1% among A<\/jats:styled-content>boriginal residents. Yet an accurate and comprehensive picture of RHD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related mortality is lacking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Aim<\/jats:title>This study aims to determine the mortality burden attributable to ARF<\/jats:styled-content> and RHD<\/jats:styled-content> in the K<\/jats:styled-content>imberley using linked hospitalisation and death registry data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>A retrospective cohort study was undertaken comprising all K<\/jats:styled-content>imberley residents with a WA<\/jats:styled-content> hospital admission for ARF<\/jats:styled-content> or RHD<\/jats:styled-content> between 1970 and 2010, linked with the WA D<\/jats:styled-content>eath R<\/jats:styled-content>egister. We manually classified RHD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010attributable deaths (\u2018definite\u2019 or \u2018probable\u2019) to determine mortality burden. Hospitalisation prior to death, including valvular surgery was also ascertained.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>There were 35 RHD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010attributable deaths in the Kimberley between 1990 and 2010, with 94% occurring in A<\/jats:styled-content>boriginal people. Their median age of death was 40 years. The age\u2010standardised RHD<\/jats:styled-content> annual death rate was 15.6 per 100\u2009000 with a total of 1100 premature years of life lost before age of 75 within this group. Conventional International Classification of Diseases\u2010generated mortality data underestimated mortality burden.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>RHD<\/jats:styled-content> remains a significant cause of premature mortality for Aboriginal people in the K<\/jats:styled-content>imberley, with mortality rates unmatched in the general A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralian population since the first half of the 20th century. Efforts to reduce progression of this disease through RHD R<\/jats:styled-content>egister and C<\/jats:styled-content>ontrol P<\/jats:styled-content>rograms are crucial alongside action to address underlying socioeconomic and environmental inequities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.12540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,29]],"date-time":"2014-07-29T08:56:12Z","timestamp":1406624172000},"page":"1074-1080","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Mortality attributable to rheumatic heart disease in the K<\/scp>imberley: a data linkage approach"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"S. B.","family":"Davies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kimberley Population Health Unit Yamamoto House Broome Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Hofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kimberley Population Health Unit Yamamoto House Broome Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Reeve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Remote Health (a joint centre of Flinders University and Charles Darwin University) Flinders University Alice Springs Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"RHD Australia (ARF\/RHD writing group) National Heart Foundation of Australian and the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand.Australian guideline for prevention diagnosis and management of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease (2nd edition).2012[cited 2013 Nov 1] Available from URL:http:\/\/www.rhdaustralia.org.au\/sites\/default\/files\/guideline_0.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.4.6.836"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800003514"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001477"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2013.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2010.01841.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-0825.2002.1o816.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","series-title":"Cardiovascular disease series","volume-title":"Rheumatic Heart Disease and Acute Rheumatic Fever in Australia: 1996\u20132012","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW)","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","volume-title":"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Performance Framework 2012: Detailed Analyses","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW)","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.1999.tb01227.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","volume-title":"National Regional Profile: Kimberley (Statistical Area Level 3)","author":"Australian Bureau of Statistics","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","volume-title":"The Management of Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease in the Kimberley: Evaluating ARF and RHD Care","author":"Remond M","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12112"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","volume-title":"Overview \u2013 Underlying Cause of Death by Selected ICD\u201010 Chapters. Causes of Death, Australia, 2011","author":"Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS)","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","volume-title":"2001 Census Community Profiles. Kimberley (Statistical Division), Indigenous Profile","author":"Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS)","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","volume-title":"Premature Mortality From Chronic Disease. Bulletin no. 84","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2012.02446.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","volume-title":"Mortality and Morbidity: Cardiovascular Disease: 20th Century Trends. Australian Social Trends, 2002","author":"Australian Bureau of Statistics","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","volume-title":"Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease: Report of a WHO Expert Consultation Geneva, 29 October\u20131 November 2001","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1328-0163(99)90050-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","unstructured":"Council of Australian Governments.Project agreement for the rheumatic fever strategy: an agreement between the Commonwealth of Australia and the States and Territories being Queensland Western Australia and the Northern Territory.2012. [cited 2013 Dec 10] Available from URL:http:\/\/www.federalfinancialrelations.gov.au\/content\/npa\/health_indigenous\/rheumatic_fever\/national_partnership_2013.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","volume-title":"Appendix 4: Avoidable Mortality. 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