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Much of these adverse outcomes are due to the limited ability of traditional diagnostic tests (i.e. culture and histology) to make an early and accurate diagnosis. As persistent or recurrent fevers of unknown origin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFUO<\/jats:styled-content>) in neutropenic patients despite broad\u2010spectrum antibiotics have been associated with the development of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFD<\/jats:styled-content>, most centres have traditionally administered empiric antifungal therapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EAFT<\/jats:styled-content>) to patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFUO<\/jats:styled-content>. However, use of an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EAFT<\/jats:styled-content> strategy has not been shown to have an overall survival benefit and is associated with excessive antifungal therapy use. As a result, the focus has shifted to developing more sensitive and specific diagnostic tests for early and more targeted antifungal treatment. These tests, including the galactomannan enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>spergillus<\/jats:italic> polymerase chain reaction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>), have enabled the development of diagnostic\u2010driven antifungal treatment (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DDAT<\/jats:styled-content>) strategies, which have been shown to be safe and feasible, reducing antifungal usage. In addition, the development of effective antifungal prophylactic strategies has changed the landscape in terms of the incidence and types of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFD<\/jats:styled-content> that clinicians have encountered. In this review, we examine the current role of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EAFT<\/jats:styled-content> and provide up\u2010to\u2010date data on the newer diagnostic tests and algorithms available for use in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EAFT<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DDAT<\/jats:styled-content> strategies, within the context of patient risk and type of antifungal prophylaxis used.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.12596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,8]],"date-time":"2014-12-08T15:20:12Z","timestamp":1418052012000},"page":"1298-1314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Consensus guidelines for the use of empiric and diagnostic\u2010driven antifungal treatment strategies in haematological malignancy, 2014"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"C. 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