{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T05:27:28Z","timestamp":1790659648806,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,12]],"date-time":"2015-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Internal Medicine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Obesity is a risk factor for both sleep\u2010related breathing disorders (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRBD<\/jats:styled-content>), including obesity hypoventilation syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OHS<\/jats:styled-content>) and cardiovascular diseases (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content>). The development of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content> in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRBD<\/jats:styled-content> is usually attributed to the fact that most patients are obese in addition to conventional cardiovascular risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to measure the prevalence of certain <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content> in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OHS<\/jats:styled-content> in the Auckland region and highlight the importance of the effects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRBD<\/jats:styled-content> on the heart.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A dataset of all patients with a formal diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OHS<\/jats:styled-content> that were under active follow up was compiled from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>uckland <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>istrict <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>ealth <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>oard <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>leep <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>isordered <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>reathing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>ervice. Clinical notes were retrospectively reviewed for echocardiogram reports, blood pressure measurements and electrocardiograms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010seven patients were included in the present study. The median age was 60 years, 24 were female (51%), 20 (42.5%) had diabetes, mean <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HbA<\/jats:styled-content>1<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content> was 53.5\u2009mmol\/mol, mean systolic blood pressure was 127\u2009mmHg, mean body mass index was 49\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, mean forced expiratory volume in 1\u2009s was 1.7\u2009L, mean estimated glomerular filtration was 71\u2009mL\/min\/1.73\u2009m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> and there was anti\u2010hypertensive use in 31 (65.9%) patients. Thirty\u2010three patients had poor quality echocardiography views (70.2%). Left ventricular systolic and diastolic function was impaired in 8 (25%) and 18 (60%) respectively. Right ventricular dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension was present in 19 (63.3%) and 13 (52%) respectively. Sixteen patients (34%) had recurrent atrial or ventricular arrhythmias.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>There appears to be a high prevalence of right ventricular impairment, pulmonary hypertension, left ventricle hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction and arrhythmias in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OHS<\/jats:styled-content>. These findings would appear to be higher than expected in obese patients without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OHS<\/jats:styled-content>. A larger prospective matched cohort study would be needed to confirm the clinical significance of these findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.12620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,5]],"date-time":"2014-11-05T10:45:56Z","timestamp":1415184356000},"page":"68-73","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Echocardiographic and electrocardiographic findings in patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Alawami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Green Lane Cardiovascular Services Auckland City Hospital  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Green Lane Cardiovascular Services Auckland City Hospital  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Whyte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Services Auckland City Hospital  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Alkhater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Department Waikato Hospital  Hamilton New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z.","family":"Bhikoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Department Waikato Hospital  Hamilton New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Pemberton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Green Lane Cardiovascular Services Auckland City Hospital  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2003.08.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/rmed.2001.1120"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.127.3.710"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.122.3.1100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.45.1747"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.105.2.434"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.974022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000132"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"1071","article-title":"Sleep disordered breathing and mortality: eighteen\u2010year follow\u2010up of the Wisconsin sleep cohort","volume":"31","author":"Young T","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005113421901"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.96.09040787"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.2.369"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.1_suppl.72S"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199917010-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.2.9908091"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118235"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.82.5.3950"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.31.4.937"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euje.2005.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health.The Health of New Zealand Adults 2011\/12: Key findings of the New Zealand Health Survey. 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