{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T19:35:44Z","timestamp":1780860944424,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Internal Medicine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Vitamin\n B<\/jats:styled-content>\n 12 (cobalamin) deficiency can result in irreversible structural brain changes if not treated appropriately. Long\u2010term use of acid\u2010lowering agents (\n ALA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) has been linked to vitamin\n B<\/jats:styled-content>\n 12 deficiency, but results are inconsistent.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aim<\/jats:title>\n \n To evaluate the association between prolonged\n ALA<\/jats:styled-content>\n use and vitamin\n B<\/jats:styled-content>\n 12 deficiency by performing a meta\u2010analysis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A systematic search was conducted using\n MEDLINE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n P<\/jats:styled-content>\n ub\n M<\/jats:styled-content>\n ed,\n EMBASE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n urrent\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n ontents,\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n ochrane\n L<\/jats:styled-content>\n ibrary,\n G<\/jats:styled-content>\n oogle\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n cholar,\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n cience\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n irect and\n W<\/jats:styled-content>\n eb of\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n cience. Original data were abstracted from each study and used to calculate a pooled odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Of the articles reviewed, four case\u2013control studies (4254 cases and 19\u2009228 controls) and one observational study met full criteria for analysis. The long\u2010term\n ALA<\/jats:styled-content>\n use was significantly associated with development of vitamin\n B<\/jats:styled-content>\n 12 deficiency (hazard ratio 1.83, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n : 1.36\u20132.46,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010value 0.00).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Chronic use of\n ALA<\/jats:styled-content>\n is a risk factor for developing vitamin\n B<\/jats:styled-content>\n 12 deficiency. Judicious prescribing of\n ALA<\/jats:styled-content>\n and regular monitoring of vitamin\n B<\/jats:styled-content>\n 12 in patients who are inevitably on long\u2010term\n ALA<\/jats:styled-content>\n therapy are recommended.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.12697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,13]],"date-time":"2015-01-13T07:15:35Z","timestamp":1421133335000},"page":"409-416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Association between vitamin\n B<\/scp>\n 12 deficiency and long\u2010term use of acid\u2010lowering agents: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"S. B.","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince of Wales Hospital Sydney Australia"},{"name":"University of New South Wales Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Nagaraja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New South Wales Sydney Australia"},{"name":"The Whiteley\u2010Martin Research Centre Discipline of Surgery The University of Sydney Nepean Hospital Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kapur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince of Wales Hospital Sydney Australia"},{"name":"University of New South Wales Sydney Australia"},{"name":"University of Wollongong Wollongong New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. D.","family":"Eslick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Whiteley\u2010Martin Research Centre Discipline of Surgery The University of Sydney Nepean Hospital Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Medicine use and Shifting Costs of Healthcare: A Review of the use of Medicines in the United States in 2013","author":"IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"4","volume-title":"Cobalamin (vitamin B12) Deficiency: Is it a Problem for Our Aging Population and Is the Problem Compounded by Drugs That Inhibit Gastric Acid Secretion?","author":"Kapadia C","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"87","volume-title":"Vitamin B12 Deficiency is Linked with Long\u2010term Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Institutionalized Older Adults: Could a Cyanocobalamin Nasal Spray be Beneficial?","author":"Rozgony NR","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200001000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.11020052"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e328358d5b9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"1425","article-title":"Update on vitamin B12 deficiency","volume":"83","author":"Langan RC","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"490","volume-title":"Increased Vitamin B12 Requirement Associated with Chronic Acid Suppression Therapy","author":"Force RW","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"A fail\u2010safe N for effect size in meta\u2010analysis","volume":"8","author":"Orwin R","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Educ Stat"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","unstructured":"WellsGA SheaB O'ConnellD PetersonJ WelchV LososMet\u2009al.The Newcastle\u2010Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta\u2010analyses.2014. Available from URL:http:\/\/www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.asp"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(00)00340-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2003.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurger.2011.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.280490"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"899","article-title":"Canadian study of health and aging: study methods and prevalence of dementia","volume":"150","author":"Canadian Study of Health and Aging Working Group","year":"1994","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000109914"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.1996.20846000.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.10325"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2008.03658.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(98)00087-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-120-3-199402010-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.1994.10718452"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.1996.27169000.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528209181056"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01308137"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","first-page":"381","article-title":"[Effect of ranitidine on secretion of gastric intrinsic factor and absorption of vitamin B 12]","volume":"7","author":"Belaiche J","year":"1983","journal-title":"Gastroent\u00e9rologie clinique et biologique"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01308115"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528509089208"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2007.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2830390202"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200109000-00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i19.2323"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2008.03601.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2004.02289.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03381.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2005.02490.x"}],"container-title":["Internal Medicine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fimj.12697","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/imj.12697","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T12:07:20Z","timestamp":1695557240000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/imj.12697"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/imj.12697"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imj.12697","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.725315390.793536965","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1444-0903","1445-5994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1444-0903","type":"print"},{"value":"1445-5994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-10-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-01-08","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-04-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}