{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T07:17:56Z","timestamp":1787987876305,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,13]],"date-time":"2015-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81370831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81370831"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Internal Medicine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most serious complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is the most common secondary glomerulonephritis leading to end\u2010stage renal disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study is to evaluate the epidemiology and risk factors of chronic kidney disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKD<\/jats:styled-content>) in Chinese patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LN<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical, laboratory, renal histopathology, treatment and outcome data were collected and retrospectively analysed in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LN<\/jats:styled-content> patients with or without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>t the end of the study, 94 (45.63%) patients were identified as having <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKD<\/jats:styled-content> among 206 individuals with renal biopsy\u2010proven <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LN<\/jats:styled-content>. Renal function, represented by serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate, was significantly decreased in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKD<\/jats:styled-content> patients (<jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic> 0.008 and <jats:italic>P &lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.001, respectively) at the time of the kidney biopsy. Compared with the non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKD<\/jats:styled-content> group, significantly increased proportions of hypertension (<jats:italic>P &lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.001), serositis (<jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic> 0.042) and anti\u2010histone antibody positivity (<jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic> 0.004) were detected in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKD<\/jats:styled-content> patients. Renal pathological activity and chronicity index scores were significantly increased in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKD<\/jats:styled-content> group (<jats:italic>P &lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.001 for all). Finally, hypertension (hazard ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>) 2.432, 95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>) 1.575\u20133.754, <jats:italic>P &lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.001), anti\u2010histone antibody (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.907, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.837\u20134.600, <jats:italic>P &lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.001), and tubular atrophy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.248, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.007\u20131.547, <jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic> 0.043) were independent risk factors for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hypertension, anti\u2010histone antibody and tubular atrophy are independent risk factors for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKD<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>hinese <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LN<\/jats:styled-content> patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.12840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,25]],"date-time":"2015-06-25T07:16:59Z","timestamp":1435216619000},"page":"1167-1172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Epidemiology and risk factors for chronic kidney disease in <scp>C<\/scp>hinese patients with biopsy\u2010proven lupus nephritis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Sui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X.","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University  Harbin 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