{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T05:22:32Z","timestamp":1777699352719,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,9]],"date-time":"2015-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1449619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Internal Medicine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Hepatic osteodystrophy (HO<\/jats:styled-content>) is a major complication of cirrhosis. However, the prevalence of HO<\/jats:styled-content> in a general cirrhotic patient population is not well defined as previous studies were in single aetiology or pre\u2010liver transplant patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Aims<\/jats:title>The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of HO<\/jats:styled-content> and vitamin D<\/jats:styled-content> deficiency in patients with cirrhosis of mixed aetiology and disease severity and to determine the risk factors for HO<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>This is a single\u2010centre cross\u2010sectional study of all patients newly diagnosed with cirrhosis between S<\/jats:styled-content>eptember 2009 and D<\/jats:styled-content>ecember 2012. All patients underwent bone mineral density assessment using dual energy X<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010ray absorptiometry within 3 months of diagnosis. Demographic and biochemical factors, severity of underlying liver disease, previous fragility fractures, smoking status and alcohol use were collected on diagnosis. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess risk factors for HO<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Among the 406 patients (67% males), the median (range) age was 56 years (21\u201385) and most (84%) were C<\/jats:styled-content>hilds\u2013P<\/jats:styled-content>ugh A<\/jats:styled-content> or B<\/jats:styled-content> with a median (range) model for end\u2010stage liver disease score of 11 (5\u201340). Alcohol (41%) was the most common underlying aetiology. The prevalence of HO<\/jats:styled-content> and vitamin D<\/jats:styled-content> deficiency (\u226450\u2009nmol\/L) was 56% and 54%, respectively, and previous fragility fractures had occurred in 3%. Increasing age (odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.49 per 10 years (1.02\u20132.18), P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04), excessive alcohol intake (2.34 (1.03\u20135.32), P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04) and lower body mass index (0.92 per kg\/m2<\/jats:sup> (0.87\u20130.98), P<\/jats:italic> = 0.009) were independent risk factors for HO<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>There is a high prevalence of HO<\/jats:styled-content> and vitamin D<\/jats:styled-content> deficiency in patients with cirrhosis at presentation irrespective of disease severity or underlying aetiology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.12866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,6]],"date-time":"2015-08-06T10:22:50Z","timestamp":1438856570000},"page":"1230-1235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Prevalence of hepatic osteodystrophy and vitamin D<\/scp> deficiency in cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"M. A.","family":"Chinnaratha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology and Liver Transplant Medicine Unit Flinders Medical Centre Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine Flinders University of South Australia Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology and Liver Transplant Medicine Unit Flinders Medical Centre Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Doogue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Adelaide Diabetes and Endocrine Services Southern Area Local Health Network Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. 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J.","family":"Wigg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology and Liver Transplant Medicine Unit Flinders Medical Centre Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine Flinders University of South Australia Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-010-0166-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002239900205"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510280315"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1996.tb00284.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20874"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.3516"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2010.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v17.i7.922"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-009-1069-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.50.suppl_1.i1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)01062-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21805"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200012080-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2003.50242"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/erd.10.46"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. 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