{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T03:45:48Z","timestamp":1790394348558,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]],"date-time":"2019-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Internal Medicine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin C has anti\u2010oxidant properties and acts as a cofactor for several enzymes. Hypovitaminosis C has been associated with bleeding, endothelial dysfunction and death. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis C is unknown in Australian hospitalised patients, and its clinical relevance is uncertain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the prevalence, characteristics and clinical outcomes of hospitalised patients with hypovitaminosis C.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This observational study included general\u2010medical inpatients in a tertiary\u2010level hospital in Australia. High\u2010performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine plasma vitamin C levels. As per Johnston\u2019s criteria, vitamin C levels of \u226528 \u03bcmol\/L were classified as normal and &lt;28 \u03bcmol\/L as low. Clinical outcomes determined included length of hospital stay (LOS), nosocomial complications, intensive care unit admission and in\u2010hospital mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 200 patients participated in this study, and vitamin C levels were available for 149 patients, of whom 35 (23.5%) had normal vitamin C levels, and 114 (76.5%) had hypovitaminosis C. Patients with hypovitaminosis C were older and had higher C\u2010reactive protein (CRP) levels. Median LOS was 2 days longer in patients with hypovitaminosis C (6 days (interquartile range (IQR) 4, 8) vs 4 days (IQR 3, 6), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02), and they had fourfold higher odds of staying in hospital for &gt;5 days than those with normal vitamin C levels. Other clinical outcomes were similar between the two groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hypovitaminosis C is common in hospitalised patients and is associated with prolonged LOS. Further research is needed to ascertain the benefits of vitamin C supplementation in vitamin C\u2010depleted patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.14030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,3]],"date-time":"2018-07-03T07:52:55Z","timestamp":1530604375000},"page":"189-196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Vitamin C deficiency in Australian hospitalised patients: an observational study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Yogesh","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine Flinders Medical Centre  Flinders Drive South Australia Australia"},{"name":"College of Medicine and Public Health Flinders University  Flinders Drive South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Flinders University  South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashmi","family":"Shahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Flinders University  South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrienne","family":"Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Flinders University  South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Horwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology Flinders Medical Centre  South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Hakendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology Flinders Medical Centre  South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Campbell","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Medicine University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)36884-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.13.9.1007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1891-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-1131-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02231544"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199512213332508"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-008-0577-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.94.5.870"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2008.10719721"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2003.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2006.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"166","article-title":"Validation of a micromethod for determining oxidized and reduced vitamin C in plasma by HPLC\u2010fluorescence","volume":"66","author":"Tessier F","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Vitam Nutr Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1985.03350300093027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/120.suppl_11.1480"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(99)00203-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/36.2.332"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000182534.19832.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","unstructured":"EliaM. 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