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All patients presented with fever and productive cough; four patients had haemoptysis and 13 had chest distress and\/or shortness of breath. Early subnormal white blood cell count and elevation of serum liver enzymes were common. Multilobar patchy shadows, rapid progression to ground\u2010glass opacities, air bronchograms and consolidation were the most common imaging findings. Histopathological examination of lung tissue of three patients who died showed severe alveolar epithelial cell damage, with inflammatory exudation into the alveolar space and hyaline membrane formation; widened alveolar septae, prominent inflammatory cell infiltration; and hyperplasia of pneumocytes. Viral inclusions were found in the lung tissue of two patients. All patients received antiviral drugs (oseltamivir \u00b1 peramivir). Four patients carried the rs12252\u2010C\/C interferon\u2010induced transmembrane protein\u20103 (IFITM3) genotype, while the others had the C\/T genotype.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>H7N9 virus infection causes human influenza\u2010like symptoms, but may rapidly progress to severe pneumonia and even death. Clinicians should be alert to the possibility of H7N9 infection in high\u2010risk patients. The presence of the <jats:italic>IFITM3<\/jats:italic> rs12252\u2010C genotype may predict severe illness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.14685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,10]],"date-time":"2019-11-10T08:04:56Z","timestamp":1573373096000},"page":"1115-1123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Characteristics of H7N9 avian influenza pneumonia: a retrospective analysis of 17 cases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3046-4485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen\u2010Qing","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing China"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Taizhou People's Hospital  Taizhou 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