{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T06:14:42Z","timestamp":1778825682299,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Internal Medicine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>COVID\u201019 long\u2010term sequelae are ill\u2010defined since only a few studies have explored the long\u2010term consequences of this disease so far.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the 6\u2010month respiratory outcome and exercise capacity of COVID\u201019 acute respiratory failure (ARF) patients treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during the first wave of the ongoing COVID\u201019 pandemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective observational study included COVID\u201019 patients with ARF. Interventions included CPAP during hospitalisation and 6\u2010month follow up. Frailty assessment was carried out through frailty index (FI), pO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\/FiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> during hospitalisation and at follow up, respiratory parameters, 6\u2010min walking test (6MWT) and the modified British Medical Research Council (mMRC) and Borg scale at follow up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>More than half of the patients had no dyspnoea according to the mMRC scale. Lower in\u2010hospital pO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\/FiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> correlated with higher Borg scale levels after 6MWT (<jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic> 0.27; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> 0.04) at the follow\u2010up visit. FI was positively correlated with length of hospitalisation (<jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic> 0.3; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> 0.03) and negatively with the 6MWT distance walked (<jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic> \u22120.36; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> 0.004).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Robust and frail patients with COVID\u201019 ARF treated with CPAP outside the intensive care unit setting had good respiratory parameters and exercise capacity at 6\u2010month follow up, although more severe patients had slightly poorer respiratory performance compared with patients with higher PaO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\/FiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and lower FI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.15345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,9]],"date-time":"2021-05-09T02:00:10Z","timestamp":1620525610000},"page":"1810-1815","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Six\u2010month respiratory outcomes and exercise capacity of COVID\u201019 acute respiratory failure patients treated with continuous positive airway pressure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2399-3688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Damanti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of General Medicine and Advanced Care IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe Alvise","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases IRCCS San 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