{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T02:27:52Z","timestamp":1773455272717,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]],"date-time":"2021-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Internal Medicine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lung cancer accounts for approximately 1 in 10 new cancer diagnoses annually and is responsible for the most cancer\u2010associated deaths in Australia. Despite such figures, there is reason for optimism with many practice\u2010changing developments to report for the management of patients with thoracic malignancies over the last few years. We outline such changes, including the emerging role of immunotherapy in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant setting for patients with localised non\u2010small\u2010cell lung cancer, as well as the established standard of consolidation immunotherapy following definitive chemoradiotherapy for those with locally advanced disease. In the metastatic setting, combination chemotherapy\u2013immunotherapy approaches have become the new paradigm for most patients in the absence of a recognised driver mutation. A range of novel targeted therapies now exist and are Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS)\u2010subsidised for targets such as EGFR, ALK and ROS1, with many others, such as KRAS G12C, NTRK, MET, RET and HER2<jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic> also with therapies rapidly being developed. Even among patients with small\u2010cell lung cancer, who account for the worst prognoses and until recently have received a chemotherapy regimen that has remained unchanged in over 20\u2009years, there is a new standard\u2010of\u2010care in combination chemotherapy\u2013immunotherapy. Furthermore, immunotherapy and potentially anti\u2010vascular endothelial growth factor agents now also play a role in mesothelioma treatment. Last, given recent developments in immunotherapy, targeted therapy and combination approaches in the non\u2010small\u2010cell lung cancer space, there is an increasing recognition of the diversity of lived experience for such patients and need for survivorship programmes to acknowledge such nuances.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.15609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T01:09:28Z","timestamp":1640221768000},"page":"2012-2020","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Developments in systemic therapies for the management of lung cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2205-5320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Heynemann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Chris O'Brien Lifehouse  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Olivia Newton\u2010John Cancer Wellness and Research Centre, Austin Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Austin Health, The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Cancer Australia.Lung Cancer in Australia Statistics. Available from URL:https:\/\/www.canceraustralia.gov.au\/affected-cancer\/cancer-types\/lung-cancer\/lung-cancer-australia-statistics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"Cancer AustraliaLung Cancer Screening Update \u2013 May 2021. Lung Cancer Screening. 2021 [cited 2021 Oct 29] Available from URL:https:\/\/www.canceraustralia.gov.au\/about-us\/lung-cancer-screening."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1102873"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1911793"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2021.01.318"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"Lung Foundation AustraliaLung Cancer: Causes. 2021 [cited 2021 Sep 3]. Available from URL:https:\/\/lungfoundation.com.au\/patients-carers\/conditions\/lung-cancer\/causes\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2021.39.15_suppl.8500"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2021.39.15_suppl.8503"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"CT003","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2021-CT003","article-title":"Abstract CT003: nivolumab (NIVO) + platinum\u2010doublet chemotherapy (chemo) vs chemo as neoadjuvant treatment (tx) for resectable (IB\u2010IIIA) non\u2010small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the phase 3 CheckMate 816 trial","volume":"81","author":"Forde PM","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2027071"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.4280"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2019.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2021.39.15_suppl.8511"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709937"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1556-0864(21)01921-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.00174"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.03136"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1810865"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30084-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30641-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1910231"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","first-page":"S0031\u20103025(21)0","article-title":"EGFR mutation profile in Australian patients with non\u2010small cell lung cancer","author":"Mead S","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","first-page":"2892","article-title":"EGFR mutation incidence in non\u2010small\u2010cell lung cancer of adenocarcinoma histology: a systematic review and global map by ethnicity (mutMapII)","volume":"5","author":"Midha A","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1913662"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz437.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajco.12754"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2019.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2020.38.15_suppl.e21053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2020.06.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1694-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2103695"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2019.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2019.11.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz131"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1713137"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2005653"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","article-title":"Phase 2 study of dabrafenib plus tramenitib in patients with BRAF V600E\u2010mutant metastatic non\u2010small cell lung cancer: updated 5\u2010year survival rates and genomic analysis","author":"Planchard D","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002787"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","volume-title":"TRK fusion\u2010positive cancers and TRK inhibitor therapy","author":"Drilon A"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2020.102105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1809064"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32222-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2020.38.15_suppl.9001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.2.658"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.11.136"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32714-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2021.01.323"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30462-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1901103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11764-021-01024-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11764-021-01016-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgo.2021.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","unstructured":"TOGA.TOGA Annual Scientific Meeting 2021 Report.Oncology News.2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-002266"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","first-page":"S1525\u20107304(21)0","article-title":"Lung cancer stage shift as a result of COVID\u201019 lockdowns in New York City, a brief report","author":"Mynard N","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Lung Cancer"}],"container-title":["Internal Medicine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/imj.15609","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/imj.15609","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/imj.15609","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T07:01:52Z","timestamp":1693206112000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/imj.15609"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/imj.15609"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imj.15609","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1444-0903","1445-5994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1444-0903","type":"print"},{"value":"1445-5994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-07-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}