{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T08:42:03Z","timestamp":1793263323786,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]],"date-time":"2023-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Internal Medicine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (pneumococcus) is a human nasopharyngeal tract coloniser responsible for invasive pneumococcal disease, which is largely vaccine preventable. Vaccination is recommended from birth for all, and through adulthood for those with risk conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the clinical and serotype analysis of pneumococcus bacteraemia over a 10\u2010year period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 10\u2010year (February 2011\u2013December 2020) retrospective review was performed on all adult (age \u226518\u2009years) pneumococcus bacteraemia presenting to the four public hospitals in Western Sydney, Australia. Comorbidities and risk factors were recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three hundred unique episodes of <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> bloodstream infection (SPBI) were identified during the study period. The median age for SPBI was 63\u2009years with 31.7% aged 70\u2009years or older. A 94.7% had one or more risks factors for SPBI. Pneumonia was reported in 80% of all SPBI, whereas meningitis was reported in 6% and infective endocarditis in &lt;1%. Asplenia was noted in 2.4%. Seven\u2010 and 30\u2010day mortality was 6.6% and 11.9%, with a higher 30\u2010day mortality in those aged \u226570\u2009years (24.4%). The serotype distribution showed 7\u2010valent conjugate vaccine covered 11.0% of all isolates, whereas 13\u2010valent conjugate vaccine (13vPCV) and a 23\u2010valent polysaccharide vaccine (23vPPV) covered 41.7% and 69.0% respectively. Immunisation details were available for 110 individuals, of whom, only 7.3% had received pneumococcal vaccination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most patients with pneumococcal bacteraemia had age\u2010 or comorbidity\u2010related risk factors but were not vaccinated. Two\u2010thirds of cases occurred in people aged &lt;70\u2009years. 13vPCV and 23vPPV covered 41.7% and 69.0% of bacteraemic isolates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.16045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T07:44:30Z","timestamp":1678088670000},"page":"2028-2034","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Pneumococcal bacteraemia in adults over a 10\u2010year period (2011\u20132020): a clinical and serotype analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2418-7274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clinton M. G.","family":"Colaco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"The University of Sydney, Westmead Clinical School  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Griffith University, School of Medicine and Dentistry  Southport Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"O'Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, New South Wales Health Pathology\u2013Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Westmead Institute for Medical Research Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"NSW Health Pathology  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0404-0096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayden","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danica","family":"Huynh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vitali","family":"Sintchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westmead Institute for Medical Research Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology \u2010 Public Health, Westmead Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"NSW Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Reference Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, NSW Health Pathology  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahin","family":"Oftadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, NSW Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Reference Laboratory Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, NSW Health Pathology  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7490-6727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gwendolyn L.","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westmead Institute for Medical Research Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravindra","family":"Dotel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Blacktown Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0001-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555817381"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1990.00390190067009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","volume-title":"Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases","author":"Bennett JE","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"Australian Immunisation Handbook.Pneumococcal vaccination for all Australians. The Australian Immunisation Handbook. 13. Available from URL:https:\/\/immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au\/resources\/publications\/pneumococcal-vaccination-for-all-australians#."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"ATAGI.Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (Atagi). Clinical Advice Atagi Clinical Advice on Changes to Recommendations for the Use and Funding of Pneumococcal Vaccines from 1 July. 2020. pp. 1\u20135. Available from URL:https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/resources\/publications\/atagi-clinical-advice-on-changes-to-recommendations-for-pneumococcal-vaccines-from-1-july-2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.90.2.223"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","unstructured":"Government VS. Vaccine History Timeline.2021. Available from URL:https:\/\/www2.health.vic.gov.au\/public-health\/immunisation\/immunisation-schedule-vaccine-eligibility-criteria\/vaccine-history-timeline."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"GottliebT CollignonP RobsonJ PearsonJ BellJ.Streptococcus pneumoniaeSurvey 2007 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Report. 2009. Available from URL:http:\/\/www.agargroup.org\/surveys."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","unstructured":"National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) public dataset \u2013 pneumococcal disease (invasive). Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care [cited 2022 Aug 9]. 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