{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T04:19:11Z","timestamp":1771733951028,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Internal Medicine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Victorian prison population is growing and ageing. Little has been documented about this group's cancer incidence, presentation or treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To conduct a retrospective review of Victorian prisoners with cancer, including assessment of change over 15\u2009years and adequacy of treatment delivery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Detailed demographic, cancer and treatment data were collected for all prisoners with malignancy treated at St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne from 2002 to 2017. Detailed analysis of adherence to Optimal Care Guidelines was undertaken for a subset. Descriptive statistics were used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 200 cancers in 191 prisoners. The population was predominantly male (185 of 191, 93%), with a median age of 54\u2009years. Rates of cigarette smoking (118 of 191, 59%), mental illness (92 of 191, 46%) and intravenous drug use (59 of 191, 29.5%) were high. Exposure\u2010related cancers predominated (nonmelanoma skin cancer, lung cancer and hepatoma). Most were symptomatic (154 of 191, 77%) and almost one\u2010third had incurable disease at diagnosis (64 of 191, 32%). The number of prisoners with cancer increased over time (2002\u20132006 [T1], <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> =\u200931 vs 2012\u20132016 [T3], <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> =\u2009101), as did the median age (45\u2009years in T1 vs 55\u2009years in T3) and rates of mental illness (10 of 31 [32%] in T1 vs 55 of 101 [54%] in T3). Delayed treatment initiation occurred in eight of 12 (66%) assessable patients, largely because of nonattendance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Victorian prisoners with cancer are at risk of poor outcomes because of late presentation, delayed treatment initiation and medical comorbidities. Tailored interventions are urgently required to improve the provision of timely, comprehensive cancer care to this vulnerable and growing population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.16182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T18:34:16Z","timestamp":1691174056000},"page":"295-300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cancer in Victorian prisoners: a description of cancer diagnoses, demographics, risk factors and barriers to optimal care"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3280-077X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Genni M.","family":"Newnham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology St Vincent's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Munton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology St Vincent's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sue A.","family":"McLachlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology St Vincent's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics.Corrective Services Australia March 2012. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"ThursfieldV FarrugiaH.Cancer in Victoria: Statistics and Trends; 2016. Available from URL:https:\/\/www.cancervic.org.au\/downloads\/cec\/cancer-in-vic\/Cancer-in-Victoria_Statistics-and-Trends_2016.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"Optimal Care Pathways.2019. Available from URL:https:\/\/www.cancer.org.au\/health-professionals\/optimal-cancer-care-pathways.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","volume-title":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2015: The Health of Australia's Prisoners in 2015","author":"AIHW","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"1376","article-title":"United Nations: General Assembly resolution on basic principles for the treatment of prisoners","volume":"30","author":"United Nations","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int Leg Mater"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","volume-title":"UN Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice 24th Session","author":"United Nations","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe.Health in Prisons: A WHO Guide to the Essentials in Prison Health; 2007."}],"container-title":["Internal Medicine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/imj.16182","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T01:02:38Z","timestamp":1707872558000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/imj.16182"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/imj.16182"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imj.16182","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1444-0903","1445-5994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1444-0903","type":"print"},{"value":"1445-5994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-12-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}