{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T02:08:57Z","timestamp":1792980537292,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Internal Medicine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a ubiquitous saprophyte capable of causing human disease. Disease is primarily respiratory or cutaneous, usually acquired via inhalation or inoculation. Under the influence of environmental and host factors,\n                      <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n                      incidence and species distribution demonstrate geographical variation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To examine for differences in\n                      <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n                      incidence within Western Australia (WA) and analyse species distribution in the context of prior published studies. To analyse antibiogram data from a nationwide passive antimicrobial resistance surveillance program.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Retrospective extraction of laboratory data for Western Australian\n                      <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates over a 21\u2010year period. Analysis of\n                      <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n                      antimicrobial susceptibility testing data submitted to the Australian Passive Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (APAS) program between 2005 and 2022.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nine hundred sixty WA isolates were identified, giving an annual incidence of 3.03 per 100\u2009000 population with apparent latitudinal variation. The four most common species identified within WA and amongst APAS isolates were\n                      <jats:italic>N. nova<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>N. cyriacigeorgica<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>N. brasiliensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>N. farcinica<\/jats:italic>\n                      . APAS data demonstrated that all species exhibited high rates of susceptibility to linezolid (100%) and trimethoprim\u2010sulfamethoxazole (98%). Amikacin (&gt;90% susceptibility for all species except\n                      <jats:italic>N. transvalensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) was the next most active parenteral agent, superior to both carbapenems and third\u2010generation cephalosporins. Susceptibility to oral antimicrobials (other than linezolid) demonstrated significant interspecies variation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We demonstrate geographical variation in the distribution of\n                      <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n                      incidence. Four species predominate in the Australian setting, and nationwide data confirm a high\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      susceptibility to trimethoprim\u2010sulphamethoxazole and linezolid, justifying their ongoing role as part of first\u2010line empiric therapy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.16234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T06:53:41Z","timestamp":1699253621000},"page":"613-619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["<i>Nocardia<\/i>\n                    species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility within Australia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0315-8818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aine","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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