{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T19:21:08Z","timestamp":1788376868142,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Internal Medicine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Physicians will frequently encounter patients who report tinnitus. Tinnitus is a symptom whereby there is the perception of sound or sounds in the ear or head in the absence of an external source of sound. Most individuals experiencing tinnitus will have a neutral reaction to the percept, but in a small proportion of patients, tinnitus can be a debilitating symptom. When it causes burden, patients can be affected in multiple different facets of life, including impairment in sleep, hearing cognition and psychological and psychiatric well\u2010being, often resulting in high healthcare utilisation and societal costs. Hence, chronic, disabling tinnitus is a complex condition with multifactorial causes and multiple perpetuating biopsychosocial factors. Despite efforts to increase knowledge about its pathophysiology and research into treatments, little impact on real\u2010world clinical practice has been seen. There are no proven effective pharmacological treatments or complementary medicines specifically for chronic, disabling tinnitus. Despite this, there is a role for treating this condition through a multidisciplinary approach specifically targeting comorbid active psychiatric conditions, using hearing aids in appropriate clinical settings such as in those with a coassociated confirmed hearing loss, and specialised cognitive behavioural therapy for patients reporting bothersome tinnitus. Cognitive behavioural therapy remains the most valuable evidence\u2010based intervention in this regard. This narrative review attempts to summarise the current understanding in terms of pathophysiology, assessment and treatment of tinnitus for the internal physician who may encounter patients with disabling, chronic tinnitus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.16414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]],"date-time":"2024-06-29T06:58:33Z","timestamp":1719644313000},"page":"1066-1076","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Tinnitus update: what can be done for the ringing?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3887-6900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin K.T.","family":"Tsang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sunshine Coast University Hospital  Sunshine Coast Queensland Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine Griffith University, Sunshine Coast Health Institute  Sunshine Coast Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant G.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Vestibular and Cochlear Clinic  Townsville Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shane","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ear Nose and Throat Surgery Townsville Hospital  Townsville Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myriam","family":"Westcott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DWM Audiology  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70160-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.2189"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2021.100250"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.51354"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0733464820966512"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191711005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14992027.2017.1374565"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","article-title":"An examination of the relationship between insomnia and tinnitus: a review and recommendations","volume":"9","author":"Asnis GM","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Med Insights Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599819835178"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191610455"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480701840106"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00029.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2015.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.04.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2015.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-0102(90)90031-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81728-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2331216518796403"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00440"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","unstructured":"WestcottM ed.Hyperacusis: a clinical perspective on management. 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