{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T05:47:31Z","timestamp":1787636851343,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Internal Medicine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a lack of a comprehensive bronchiectasis severity assessment tool specific for Indigenous people that corrects for normative references established for the non\u2010Indigenous population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>An innovative bronchiectasis assessment tool is developed for use in adult Indigenous patients \u2013 the Indigenous bronchiectasis assessment scale \u2018(IBAS)\u2019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 454 adult Indigenous Australian patients, with chest CT confirmed bronchiectasis diagnosed between 2011 and 2020, were included. Age, sex, residence location, body mass index, radiological findings, sputum microbiology, lung function parameters and medical comorbidities were utilised to predict 5\u2010year all\u2010cause mortality and 5\u2010year hospitalisations. Scores of parameters with <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u20090.20 from univariate Cox regressions were derived.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The resultant IBAS included age (&lt;30, 30\u201350, 50\u201370 and 70+ years), urban residence, forced vital capacity (% predicted) (&gt;50%, 30%\u201350% and &lt;30%), right lower lobe involvement, history of <jats:italic>Haemophilus<\/jats:italic> spp., <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> spp., <jats:italic>yeast<\/jats:italic> spp. or <jats:italic>Moraxella<\/jats:italic> spp., 2\u2010year respiratory condition hospitalisation history (&lt;2, 2 and 3+ admissions), and comorbid chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and arterial hypertension. The maximum score was 18, with thresholds at 0\u20134 (mild, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> =\u200978, 34.4%), 5\u20137 (moderate, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> =\u2009111, 48.9%) and \u2265\u20098 (severe, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> =\u200938, 16.7%). The area under the curve for 5\u2010year mortality was 0.743 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.683, 0.803). The IBAS score demonstrated significant delineation in mortality between mild and moderate (moderate hazard ratio (HR) 3.45 (95% CI 1.57, 7.58)) and between moderate and severe (severe HR 2.43 (95% CI 1.45, 4.07)).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proposed IBAS tool could be of aid in assessing bronchiectasis severity in Indigenous patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.70118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T10:49:08Z","timestamp":1748947748000},"page":"1701-1711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Indigenous bronchiectasis assessment scale \u2013 the \u2018<scp>IBAS<\/scp>\u2019: a proposed new tool to assess bronchiectasis severity in adult <scp>Indigenous Australians<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3028-0376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy","family":"Howarth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Darwin Respiratory and Sleep Health Darwin Private Hospital  Darwin Northern Territory Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Charles Darwin University  Darwin Northern Territory Australia"},{"name":"Department of Technical Physics University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Sorger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Imaging Kimberley Imaging  Broome Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7477-2965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helmi Ben","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Farhat HACHED Hospital, Heart Failure (LR12SP09) Research Laboratory University of Sousse  Sousse Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Payi L.","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Institute, Faculty of Arts and Society Charles Darwin University  Darwin Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0788-7137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subash S.","family":"Heraganahally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Darwin Respiratory and Sleep Health Darwin Private Hospital  Darwin Northern Territory Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Charles Darwin University  Darwin Northern Territory Australia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Royal Darwin Hospital  Darwin Northern Territory Australia"},{"name":"College of Medicine and Public Health Flinders University  Darwin Northern Territory Australia"},{"name":"Australasian Bronchiectasis Consortium Lung Foundation  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-012615-044344"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32480\/rscp.2022.27.1.61"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-018-0638-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.52204"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2023-002139"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.16654"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00026313"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201309-1575OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S482848"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics.Northern Territory: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population summary.2021. 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