{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:52:29Z","timestamp":1787014349815,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Internal Medicine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplant (allo\u2010HSCT) is an established therapy for many malignant and non\u2010malignant conditions, with an increasing number of uses and indications in recent decades. Complications including graft versus host disease (GvHD) carry significant morbidity and mortality. Chronic GvHD can affect multiple organs, including skin, gastrointestinal, respiratory and eyes. Neurological involvement is less common and can be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for patients and clinicians.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective analysis was conducted of patients who underwent allo\u2010HSCT for a haematological malignancy with an established diagnosis of chronic GvHD at a major Australian institution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of 455 allo\u2010HSCT cases, 228 (50%) had chronic GvHD, seven (3.1%) of which were identified to have neurological complications. Four cases, each consisting of myasthenia gravis, Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and inflammatory meningitis, were selected to illustrate peripheral and central neurological manifestations of chronic GvHD. Presentations, management and outcomes were discussed and contrasted to similar cases available in the literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic GvHD infrequently presents with neurological manifestations. Understanding the similarities and differences of these and their idiopathic counterparts allows an enhanced understanding of their pathophysiology within the context of GvHD, as well as some significant differences to conventional management of these neurological conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.70184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T12:31:04Z","timestamp":1755606664000},"page":"1639-1646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Neurological manifestations of chronic graft versus host disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2014-8654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tal","family":"Koren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Neurology Royal North Shore Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Kwok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology Royal North Shore Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology Royal North Shore Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Neurology Royal North Shore Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Nogajski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Neurology Royal North Shore Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Parratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Neurology Royal North Shore Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Kerridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology Royal North Shore Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7973-3773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karl","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Neurology Royal North Shore Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-44241-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020003418"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2011.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11764-021-01038-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60237-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2005.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(18)30877-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq245"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-014-1704-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hemonc.2017.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200104270-00026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"52","article-title":"Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: case report and literature review","volume":"4","author":"Yoshida T","year":"2016","journal-title":"eNeurol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.9720-22"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-012-0962-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.12018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis. Update on diagnosis and therapy","volume":"161","author":"Garc\u00eda Est\u00e9vez DA","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med Clin (Barc)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000116395"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011124"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00517-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2010.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2019.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2021.08.007"}],"container-title":["Internal Medicine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/imj.70184","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T22:16:42Z","timestamp":1760307402000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/imj.70184"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/imj.70184"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imj.70184","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1444-0903","1445-5994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1444-0903","type":"print"},{"value":"1445-5994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}