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Current Australian guidelines use the CHA\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    DS\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010VA clinical risk score to risk\u2010stratify patients appropriate for oral anticoagulation. However, the efficacy of the CHA\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    DS\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010VA is modest and has numerous limitations in clinical practice. The addition of novel risk factors to these scores may improve their predictive ability. This review article aims to identify clinical risk factors, biochemical markers, electrocardiogram features and cardiac imaging findings outside of the CHA\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    DS\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010VA that have been found to increase the risk of stroke for patients with atrial fibrillation. The article proposes future directions using these novel risk factors to help further risk\u2010stratify patients who may have initially been deemed low risk by the CHA\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    DS\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010VA score and guide clinicians in prescribing anticoagulation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.70269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T11:19:02Z","timestamp":1764415142000},"page":"533-543","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Stroke predictors for atrial fibrillation \u2013 outside the\n                    <scp>\n                      CHA\n                      <sub>2<\/sub>\n                      DS\n                      <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    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