{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T09:04:52Z","timestamp":1785229492782,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777075200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Internal Medicine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sj\u00f6gren disease (SjD) is a prevalent systemic autoimmune condition characterised by exocrine gland dysfunction, systemic inflammation and heterogeneous organ involvement. Current management remains largely symptomatic, with no approved disease\u2010modifying therapies available and substantial unmet clinical need. However, advances in understanding immunopathogenesis have accelerated the development of targeted treatments. Ianalumab, a dual\u2010acting B cell\u2010activating factor receptor (BAFF) receptor inhibitor with B cell\u2010depleting activity, is the first agent to report positive phase 3 results, showing significant improvements in systemic disease activity. Other investigational approaches include BAFF\/APRIL pathway inhibition, T\u2010cell\u2013B\u2010cell costimulation inhibition, type I interferon blockade, JAK\u2013STAT, TYK2 and BTK inhibition, neonatal Fc receptor antagonist and endosomal Toll\u2010like receptor inhibition, with exploratory modalities such as RNA\u2010targeted agents and cellular immunotherapy (including Chimeric antigen receptor T therapy) under evaluation for severe or refractory disease. Outcome assessment has also evolved, with European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) Sj\u00f6gren Syndrome Disease Activity Index and EULAR Sj\u00f6gren Syndrome Patient Reported Index providing validated physician\u2010 and patient\u2010centred measures. Composite endpoints such as the Composite of Relevant Endpoints for Sj\u00f6gren Syndromeand the Sj\u00f6gren Tool for Assessing Response now integrate systemic, symptomatic and functional domains, improving sensitivity and feasibility in trials. Together, these tools support more rigorous evaluation of novel therapies. Overall, therapy in SjD is shifting towards precision, phenotype\u2010informed strategies. Priorities now are confirming long\u2010term safety and durability of response, and demonstrating patient\u2010important benefit. In Australia, the impact of new therapies for SjD will hinge on clear diagnostic pathways, routine use of validated disease activity measures and multidisciplinary care models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.70322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T08:16:38Z","timestamp":1777104998000},"page":"1126-1133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evolving treatments for Sj\u00f6gren disease: current approaches and emerging targets"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2817-5817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mansi","family":"Bhurani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Alfred Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5179-4803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian Y. S.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology Westmead Hospital &amp; ICPMR  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Immunopathology Westmead Hospital &amp; ICPMR  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Westmead Institute for Medical Research The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Rischmueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit The Queen Elizabeth Hospital  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Adelaide Medical School The University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9416-7383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberta","family":"Hoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology Monash Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-024-01135-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102062"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-311801"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(00)00620-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-07427-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.2.174"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.510"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15060762"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/scd.12105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","article-title":"Living with Sjogren's: patient perspectives","volume":"27","author":"Lester S","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","article-title":"Virgin coconut oil in paste form as treatment for dyspareunia and vaginal dryness in patients with and without rheumatic autoimmune diseases: an efficacy and safety assessment pilot study","volume":"15","author":"Albornoz MA","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae152"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"Systemic manifestations of primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome out of the ESSDAI classification: prevalence and clinical relevance in a large international, multi\u2010ethnic cohort of patients","volume":"37","author":"Retamozo S","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2024.105799"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(20)30057-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-216114"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-022-06391-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","first-page":"2402533","article-title":"ERS\/EULAR clinical practice guidelines for connective tissue diseases associated interstitial lung disease","volume":"67","author":"Antoniou KM","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3401"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03009-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204615"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(21)00122-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-222054"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.43059"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","unstructured":"Novartis announces both ianalumab phase III clinical trials met primary endpoint in patients with Sj\u00f6gren's disease.2025. 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